Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key factor in the Differential Association Theory?
What is a key factor in the Differential Association Theory?
- Environmental influences from peer interactions (correct)
- Intrinsic motivations for criminal behavior
- Genetic predispositions to deviance
- Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques
According to Social Learning Theory, how do individuals primarily learn new behaviors?
According to Social Learning Theory, how do individuals primarily learn new behaviors?
- Reading about behaviors in books
- Observing and listening to others (correct)
- Experiencing direct consequences
- Using trial and error methods
Which principle from Differential Association Theory addresses the importance of the duration of interactions?
Which principle from Differential Association Theory addresses the importance of the duration of interactions?
- Duration principle (correct)
- Continuity principle
- Reinforcement principle
- Exposure principle
What does the principle of differential association suggest about criminal behavior?
What does the principle of differential association suggest about criminal behavior?
What is a commonality between Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory and Social Learning Theory?
What is a commonality between Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory and Social Learning Theory?
What is a key component of Specific Responsivity regarding client treatment?
What is a key component of Specific Responsivity regarding client treatment?
Which principle is NOT part of the RNR principles?
Which principle is NOT part of the RNR principles?
What is essential for culturally responsive programs in service delivery?
What is essential for culturally responsive programs in service delivery?
Cross-cultural applicability is particularly concerned with which aspect of treatment?
Cross-cultural applicability is particularly concerned with which aspect of treatment?
Which of the following is cited as a more effective approach in reducing recidivism?
Which of the following is cited as a more effective approach in reducing recidivism?
What does a higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) value indicate in terms of risk assessment?
What does a higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) value indicate in terms of risk assessment?
Which AUC value represents a small effect size according to the provided information?
Which AUC value represents a small effect size according to the provided information?
What is the primary disadvantage of using the AUC measurement?
What is the primary disadvantage of using the AUC measurement?
In the context of the ROC curve, what does a point at the AUC of 0.50 signify?
In the context of the ROC curve, what does a point at the AUC of 0.50 signify?
Which method allows for the calculation of AUC based on a 2x2 prediction table?
Which method allows for the calculation of AUC based on a 2x2 prediction table?
What type of variable is recidivism classified as?
What type of variable is recidivism classified as?
What does Cohen’s d measure in the context of recidivism?
What does Cohen’s d measure in the context of recidivism?
Why is AUC considered widely used and easily understood?
Why is AUC considered widely used and easily understood?
What is a limitation of using absolute recidivism rates?
What is a limitation of using absolute recidivism rates?
What type of risk information tends to be preferred by clinicians and judges?
What type of risk information tends to be preferred by clinicians and judges?
Which of the following best describes relative risk estimates?
Which of the following best describes relative risk estimates?
How does Mr. Smith's recidivism risk compare to Mr. Black's in terms of reoffending?
How does Mr. Smith's recidivism risk compare to Mr. Black's in terms of reoffending?
What does a risk ratio of 2.5 imply?
What does a risk ratio of 2.5 imply?
What is indicated by Mr. Smith's VRAG score of -17?
What is indicated by Mr. Smith's VRAG score of -17?
What common misconception exists regarding percentile ranks in risk assessments?
What common misconception exists regarding percentile ranks in risk assessments?
Which example demonstrates the use of absolute rates?
Which example demonstrates the use of absolute rates?
What was one of the significant outcomes of the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)?
What was one of the significant outcomes of the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)?
What challenge was most commonly faced in the implementation of STICS across various regions?
What challenge was most commonly faced in the implementation of STICS across various regions?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Dangerous Offender' as per the provided content?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Dangerous Offender' as per the provided content?
Which statement correctly differentiates Long-Term Offenders from Dangerous Offenders?
Which statement correctly differentiates Long-Term Offenders from Dangerous Offenders?
What is the primary purpose of preventative legislation as identified in the content?
What is the primary purpose of preventative legislation as identified in the content?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Social Learning Theory
- Proposes that humans learn through observation and interaction with others
- Emphasizes cognition's role in deciding whether to engage in specific behaviors
- Includes concepts of vicarious learning (learning from others' experiences) and self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to succeed)
Differential Association Theory
- Focuses on the influence of social environment on criminal behavior
- Argues that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others who hold favorable attitudes towards crime
- Nine principles emphasize factors like frequency, duration, and status of interactions with delinquent peers
Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory
- Integrates principles from Skinnerian behaviorism, Bandura's social learning theory, and Sutherland's differential association theory
- Explains deviant behavior as learned through social interactions, reinforcement, and imitation
Measuring Accuracy of Risk Assessment Tools
- Discrimination Accuracy (Relative Risk): Differentiates between recidivists and non-recidivists
- Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve: Plots false positive rate against true positive rate for various cutoff scores
- Area Under the Curve (AUC): Measures overall predictive accuracy of the risk assessment tool
- Cohen's d: Measures the average difference between recidivists and non-recidivists, considering their variation
Risk Information Presentation
- Nominal Categories: Using non-numerical terms (low, moderate, high)
- Absolute Rates: Expressing risk as frequencies, percentages, or qualified by time period
- Relative Risk: Using percentile ranks or risk ratios to compare individuals to a group
- Specific Responsivity: Matching interventions to individual needs, recognizing differences in motivation and readiness for treatment
RNR Principles
- Risk: Prioritize interventions for higher-risk individuals
- Need: Target criminogenic needs (factors contributing to criminal behavior)
- Responsivity: Tailor interventions to learning styles and cultural backgrounds
RNR and Correctional Practice
- Respect for the Person: Treatment should be respectful and considerate of individual needs
- Human Service, not Punishment: Correctional interventions aim to improve behavior and reduce recidivism
- Breadth: Programs should address multiple criminogenic needs
- Assessment: Structured assessments are used to identify risks and needs
Next Steps
- Cross-cultural Applicability: Adapting RNR principles to different cultures and contexts
- Multi-cultural Competency: Recognizing and addressing cultural differences in service delivery
- Indigenous and Inuit Programs: Specific programs designed for Indigenous populations have shown effectiveness in reducing recidivism
- The Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS): Training program for probation officers utilizing RNR principles
Decisions Relying on Treatment Possibility
- DO (Dangerous Offender): Legislative designation for individuals posing a significant and ongoing risk to the public
- LTO (Long-Term Offender): Designation for individuals with the possibility of eventual control of their risk in the community
- Preventative Legislation: Used to manage individuals perceived as a high and unmanageable risk to the public
Dangerous Offenders Criteria
- Serious personal injury offense (SPIO)
- Pattern of repetitive or persistent aggressive behavior indicating a failure to control and potential for harm
- s. 753.1(b): Failure to control sexual impulses leading to likelihood of harm
Long-Term Offenders Criteria
- Same criteria as Dangerous Offender, but with the potential for eventual control of risk in the community
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
