Social Learning and Differential Association Theories
31 Questions
0 Views

Social Learning and Differential Association Theories

Created by
@FasterAgate9079

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key factor in the Differential Association Theory?

  • Environmental influences from peer interactions (correct)
  • Intrinsic motivations for criminal behavior
  • Genetic predispositions to deviance
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques
  • According to Social Learning Theory, how do individuals primarily learn new behaviors?

  • Reading about behaviors in books
  • Observing and listening to others (correct)
  • Experiencing direct consequences
  • Using trial and error methods
  • Which principle from Differential Association Theory addresses the importance of the duration of interactions?

  • Duration principle (correct)
  • Continuity principle
  • Reinforcement principle
  • Exposure principle
  • What does the principle of differential association suggest about criminal behavior?

    <p>It is influenced by the balance of associations with antisocial versus prosocial peers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonality between Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory and Social Learning Theory?

    <p>Both integrate principles of learning from social environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of Specific Responsivity regarding client treatment?

    <p>Accommodate differences and diversity among participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is NOT part of the RNR principles?

    <p>Maximizing punitive measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for culturally responsive programs in service delivery?

    <p>Consultation with cultural knowledge holders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross-cultural applicability is particularly concerned with which aspect of treatment?

    <p>Understanding cultural values and knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is cited as a more effective approach in reducing recidivism?

    <p>Indigenous and Inuit specific programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) value indicate in terms of risk assessment?

    <p>It shows a higher probability that a recidivist exceeds a non-recidivist in risk score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AUC value represents a small effect size according to the provided information?

    <p>0.56</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of using the AUC measurement?

    <p>It only accounts for differences between recidivists and non-recidivists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the ROC curve, what does a point at the AUC of 0.50 signify?

    <p>Random chance in predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows for the calculation of AUC based on a 2x2 prediction table?

    <p>Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is recidivism classified as?

    <p>Dichotomous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cohen’s d measure in the context of recidivism?

    <p>The average difference between recidivists and non-recidivists relative to their variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is AUC considered widely used and easily understood?

    <p>It is not influenced by variations in base rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using absolute recidivism rates?

    <p>Larger denominators can be misinterpreted as lower risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of risk information tends to be preferred by clinicians and judges?

    <p>Non-numerical terminology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes relative risk estimates?

    <p>They provide percentile ranks among justice-involved individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Mr. Smith's recidivism risk compare to Mr. Black's in terms of reoffending?

    <p>Mr. Smith has a higher chance of reoffending violently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a risk ratio of 2.5 imply?

    <p>The individual is 2.5 times more likely to violently reoffend compared to typical justice-involved persons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by Mr. Smith's VRAG score of -17?

    <p>He is positioned in the second of nine risk bins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception exists regarding percentile ranks in risk assessments?

    <p>Being in a high percentile guarantees reoffending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example demonstrates the use of absolute rates?

    <p>The chance of reoffending is 10 out of 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant outcomes of the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)?

    <p>Reduction in recidivism by about 1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge was most commonly faced in the implementation of STICS across various regions?

    <p>Low staff buy-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Dangerous Offender' as per the provided content?

    <p>Individuals with patterns of violent and aggressive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly differentiates Long-Term Offenders from Dangerous Offenders?

    <p>Long-Term Offenders have a reasonable possibility of eventual control of their risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of preventative legislation as identified in the content?

    <p>To manage individuals posing an unmanageable risk to the public.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Learning Theory

    • Proposes that humans learn through observation and interaction with others
    • Emphasizes cognition's role in deciding whether to engage in specific behaviors
    • Includes concepts of vicarious learning (learning from others' experiences) and self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to succeed)

    Differential Association Theory

    • Focuses on the influence of social environment on criminal behavior
    • Argues that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others who hold favorable attitudes towards crime
    • Nine principles emphasize factors like frequency, duration, and status of interactions with delinquent peers

    Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory

    • Integrates principles from Skinnerian behaviorism, Bandura's social learning theory, and Sutherland's differential association theory
    • Explains deviant behavior as learned through social interactions, reinforcement, and imitation

    Measuring Accuracy of Risk Assessment Tools

    • Discrimination Accuracy (Relative Risk): Differentiates between recidivists and non-recidivists
    • Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve: Plots false positive rate against true positive rate for various cutoff scores
    • Area Under the Curve (AUC): Measures overall predictive accuracy of the risk assessment tool
    • Cohen's d: Measures the average difference between recidivists and non-recidivists, considering their variation

    Risk Information Presentation

    • Nominal Categories: Using non-numerical terms (low, moderate, high)
    • Absolute Rates: Expressing risk as frequencies, percentages, or qualified by time period
    • Relative Risk: Using percentile ranks or risk ratios to compare individuals to a group
    • Specific Responsivity: Matching interventions to individual needs, recognizing differences in motivation and readiness for treatment

    RNR Principles

    • Risk: Prioritize interventions for higher-risk individuals
    • Need: Target criminogenic needs (factors contributing to criminal behavior)
    • Responsivity: Tailor interventions to learning styles and cultural backgrounds

    RNR and Correctional Practice

    • Respect for the Person: Treatment should be respectful and considerate of individual needs
    • Human Service, not Punishment: Correctional interventions aim to improve behavior and reduce recidivism
    • Breadth: Programs should address multiple criminogenic needs
    • Assessment: Structured assessments are used to identify risks and needs

    Next Steps

    • Cross-cultural Applicability: Adapting RNR principles to different cultures and contexts
    • Multi-cultural Competency: Recognizing and addressing cultural differences in service delivery
    • Indigenous and Inuit Programs: Specific programs designed for Indigenous populations have shown effectiveness in reducing recidivism
    • The Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS): Training program for probation officers utilizing RNR principles

    Decisions Relying on Treatment Possibility

    • DO (Dangerous Offender): Legislative designation for individuals posing a significant and ongoing risk to the public
    • LTO (Long-Term Offender): Designation for individuals with the possibility of eventual control of their risk in the community
    • Preventative Legislation: Used to manage individuals perceived as a high and unmanageable risk to the public

    Dangerous Offenders Criteria

    • Serious personal injury offense (SPIO)
    • Pattern of repetitive or persistent aggressive behavior indicating a failure to control and potential for harm
    • s. 753.1(b): Failure to control sexual impulses leading to likelihood of harm

    Long-Term Offenders Criteria

    • Same criteria as Dangerous Offender, but with the potential for eventual control of risk in the community

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSYC3402 Midterm PDF

    Description

    Explore the concepts of Social Learning Theory and Differential Association Theory, including how humans learn behaviors through observation and social interactions. This quiz also covers the integration of these theories in understanding deviant behavior and the importance of risk assessment tools. Test your understanding of key principles and applications in social psychology.

    More Like This

    Criminology Social Learning Theory
    19 questions
    Akers' Social Learning Theory
    22 questions

    Akers' Social Learning Theory

    WellConnectedComputerArt avatar
    WellConnectedComputerArt
    Social Learning Theory Flashcards
    14 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser