Social Health and Contagion Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of social health?

Understanding complex mathematical concepts

Interacting effectively with others (correct)

Ability to sing in public

Achieving career success

Which behavior is NOT considered a healthy social behavior?

Clear communication

Living in harmony with others

Avoiding all social gatherings (correct)

Participating in community activities

What does the term 'social contagion' refer to?

The transfer of social roles across generations

The spread of affect, attitude, or behavior from one person to another (correct)

The confinement of diseases to specific communities

The isolation of individuals from their peers

According to the 3 Degrees of Association, how can your social network influence others?

You can influence 1000 people just through 3 degrees of friends Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to improve healthy communication?

Ignore others' feelings Signup and view all the answers

What does being 'agreeable but assertive' entail?

Respecting your rights and the rights of others Signup and view all the answers

How can one effectively listen to improve social health?

By making an emotional investment in the conversation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Framingham Heart Study reveal about health?

It shows that social circles can influence health factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental component of health literacy?

Ability to obtain and understand healthcare information Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model involves the actual execution of a behavior change?

Action Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have good health literacy?

To make appropriate health decisions based on information Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Americans are estimated to have poor health literacy?

26% Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a medical red flag to be cautious of when evaluating health information?

Testimonials about drug efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals assess when sourcing medical information online?

The creator of the information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is NOT typically facilitated by health literacy?

Being physically active without guidance Signup and view all the answers

What is often a common misconception about online health information?

It is always accurate and reliable Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes valid medicine from medical quackery?

Approval by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of alternative medicine?

Biological-Based Treatments Signup and view all the answers

Which item is classified as a macronutrient?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What average caloric requirement is recommended for an average adult?

2000 calories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about micronutrients is true?

They include vitamins and minerals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basic metabolic rate?

To indicate calories needed to sustain the body at rest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological-based therapy?

Herbal supplements Signup and view all the answers

Which food group is NOT considered a primary source of fats?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is considered a complete protein source?

Chicken Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily protein requirement for an average person?

50-65 grams Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of foods contributes to providing 20% of total protein intake with low mercury risk?

Salmon and sardines Signup and view all the answers

How can high protein intake benefit health as one ages?

By preventing muscle loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended amount of fish consumption per week?

8 ounces or more Signup and view all the answers

Which food group can help reduce cardiovascular disease risk when consumed in moderation?

Nuts Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of complete proteins?

They provide all 9 essential amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a source of protein?

Sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of consuming refined grains?

They can contribute to higher levels of fats and added sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of fats in the body?

They protect organs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding saturated fat?

It can significantly raise LDL cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the American Heart Association's recommendation for daily caloric intake of saturated fats?

Approximately 5% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is recommended to reduce saturated fat intake?

Switch to non-fat or low-fat milk Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are typically correlated with lower incidence of heart disease?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What is a source of unsaturated fats?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of refined grains?

They are high in fiber Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids are primarily found in fatty fish such as salmon and sardines?

Omega-3 fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source of cholesterol in the diet?

Animal products such as beef and chicken Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vitamin must be regularly replaced in the diet because they are used daily?

Water-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antioxidants in the body?

They prevent harmful oxidation effects Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known for aiding in the absorption of calcium and supporting bone health?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What are trans-fatty acids associated with, in terms of health risks?

Increasing LDL cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vitamins in the human body?

Regulating growth and supporting metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social health is the ability to interact effectively with others, build fulfilling relationships, and fulfill social roles.
Healthy social behaviors include community participation, harmony with others, clear communication, and healthy sexual behaviors. It's not necessary to join large groups to be socially healthy.

Social contagion is the spread of affect, attitudes, or behaviors between people.
Social circles (friends, acquaintances) influence health positively and negatively.

Framingham Heart Study (FHS)

Followed 15,000 people for three generations.
Followed their health factors such as weight gain, drinking, and smoking.
The study found that high blood pressure and high cholesterol are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The study informed understanding of how cardiovascular health affects the rest of the body.

The 3 Degrees of Association

Scientists claim we are linked within three degrees of separation.
This means that you can reach out to over 1,000 people through just three degrees of connection.
This is an opportunity to promote healthy behaviors to others.

Improving Healthy Communication

Develop social intelligence, communicate clearly, and be responsive.
Listening to others' needs is critical, and making an emotional investment in personal relationships is important.
Being agreeable but assertive involves being helpful, unselfish, trusting, considerate, cooperative, and concerned for others.
Assertiveness is respecting your rights and the rights of others, even when you disagree. Express your needs clearly, without aggression.
Men and women communicate differently.

Communication Differences

Men often speak longer and interrupt more.
Women often make stronger assertions in online settings (blogs and chat rooms) and use more words in private conversations with friends to connect.
Women are often better listeners, providing more suggestions, asking questions, and using more polite expressions in virtual settings.

Relationships are important throughout life and help lessen symptoms of mental health disorders.
They help give a sense of well-being, enhance self-worth, and help us form new relationships (spouse, friends, parents, children, pets.)

Loneliness

Loneliness is the feeling of distress and dysphoria arising from a discrepancy between desired and achieved social relations.
It can also be described as being without company or feeling sad because of a lack of companionship.

Social media is increasingly used to promote public health.
It improves access to healthcare resources and removes physical barriers.
Social media advocacy is one way to use social media to promote a cause or a brand by promoting awareness, building support networks, and encouraging action.
There are opportunities for using social media for health promotion such as exchanging health messages, reaching large groups, and targeting specific audiences.

Consumer Health (Chapter 14)

Questions to ask for health understanding: "What is my main problem?", "What do I need to do?"
The Transtheoretical Model focuses on decision making and stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse).
Poor health literacy is the ability to obtain, read, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions and follow treatment instructions.
There are over 90 million Americans who don't understand how to take medication, monitor cholesterol/blood sugar, manage chronic disease, or fill out medical forms.

Health Literacy and Accuracy of Online Information

90 million Americans (26% of the population) have poor health literacy.
Many rely on online resources for health information which can be inaccurate.
When evaluating online medical information, one must consider the creator, release dates, references, author, and any bias present.

Medical Red Flags

Testimonials claiming a drug/treatment cured people
The use of words such as "amazing," "secret," "proven," "quick," "guaranteed" can indicate medical quackery

Medical Quackery

Unproven medical practices claiming to cure or solve health problems.
Also known as medical fakery.

Valid vs. Invalid Medicine

Valid medicine has data supporting the treatments or medication used.
Invalid medicine (medical quackery) lacks efficacy data. Evidence of safety and effectiveness are missing and the treatment is not approved.

Non-Traditional Healthcare

Four categories of alternative medicine: Alternative medical systems, mind-body medicine, biological-based therapies, and manipulative and body-based methods.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in the greatest amounts: water, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals needed in smaller amounts.

Basic Metabolic Rate

The number of calories needed for the body to function at rest, while accounting for activity to total calorie requirement.

Average Caloric Requirements

Specific caloric requirements given for different groups (women, older adults, children, men, active women, teenage girls, and older children).

Calorie Balance

The relationship between calories consumed and calories used for normal body functioning and physical activity.

Protein Consumption Guidelines

Average person requires 50-65 grams of protein daily.
Protein-rich foods help with fullness and can help prevent loss of muscle mass with aging.
Balanced diet including nuts can reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are made up of fiber, starch, and sugar.
They provide glucose for the body and brain.
Simple carbohydrates include natural sugars (lactose and fructose), as well as added sugars.
Complex carbohydrates include fiber and starch. Complex carbohydrates are typically high in fiber and low nutrient simple carbohydrates.

Types and Sources of Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates: found in soda, sports/energy drinks, candy.
Types of Carbohydrates and their sources (with examples/types of common foods):
Simple Carbohydrates: Sugar/natural sugar (found in milk, fruits, etc.), added sugars (in processed foods, candy, etc.).
Complex carbohydrates: grains, vegetables, fruits, etc.

Whole Grains

Less than 5% of Americans meet the recommendations for whole grains.

Guidelines for Carbohydrate Consumption

Various recommendations for men and women (over 50) in terms of grams of carbohydrates.
Dietary changes, such as reduced calorie intake and increased nutrient intake, can affect metabolism as people age.

Fiber Sources

Leafy greens, wheat, corn, skins of fruit, oats, beans, barley, apples, and strawberries.

Refined Grains

Refined grains lack fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Most refined grains are high in fat and added sugar.

Fats

Provide energy, critical for growth/development.
Carry fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, and olive oils, canola oils, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil are examples.
Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish, flax, and walnuts and help prevent blood clots, irregular heartbeats, and reduce atherosclerosis.
Omega-6 fatty acids found in vegetable oils and other foods. Both are important, but Americans tend to consume an imbalance.

Cholesterol Food Sources

Cholesterol is found in animal products like beef, chicken, and eggs.
The human body manufactures cholesterol in amounts needed.

Trans Fats

Unsaturated fats created during food processing.
Linked to high LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels and heart disease risk

Vitamins

Vitamins work to use carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for the body to grow, maintain, and produce chemical reactions.

Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are absorbed by the intestines and stored in the body, while water-soluble vitamins (B & C) are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Water-soluble vitamins need to be regularly consumed.

Antioxidants

Prevent harmful effects of oxidation in the body.
Found in fruits and vegetables.

Vitamin D Benefits

Important for bone health, cognition, pain control, calcium absorption, and immune function

Mineral Functions

Build bones and teeth, aid muscle function, and are crucial for the nervous system.

Calcium

The most abundant mineral in the body. Crucial for building bones, nerve function, and muscle contraction.

Sodium

Maintains fluid balance, regulates blood pressure, and transmits muscle impulses.

USDA Healthy Eating and Weight Management Goals (2011)

Developed updated dietary guidelines for Americans in 2011.
Emphasized balancing caloric intake, consuming nutrient-dense foods, and reducing the intake of unhealthy foods to support healthy eating patterns.

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Description

Test your knowledge on social health, including the importance of healthy relationships and the concept of social contagion. This quiz also covers findings from the Framingham Heart Study and the impact of social circles on health behaviors. Explore how our connections shape our well-being!