Social Determinants of Health Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health related to the community context?

Early childhood education

Income level

Medical bills

Access to healthy food options (correct)

Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health related to the physical environment?

Walkability (correct)

Health coverage

Literacy

Employment

Which of the following is an example of a health outcome as influenced by social determinants of health?

Language

Housing

Social Integration

Functional limitations (correct)

Which factor falls under the economic stability category of social determinants of health?

Income (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the model presented, which of these would be considered a social determinant of health related to the education sector?

Early childhood education (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), what is the state of balance within the body called?

Homeostasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is an element of the 'Health Care and Social System' category among the social determinants of health?

Community engagement (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), what does a blockage in the flow of qi or blood lead to?

Imbalances and potential health issues (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the model, what is a common factor between 'Physical Environment' and 'Economic Stability' as social determinants of health?

They are both part of the 'Community' social determinant of health (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the interconnected channels in the body through which qi and blood flow, in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Meridians (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a social determinant that directly relates to place or area?

Zip code/geography (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a treatment method to unblock energy flow in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What concept does 'yang' represent in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Hot principle (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Western medical approach to health problems?

Treating the body as a collection of systems (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common goal of treatment within the Western medical system?

Restoring normal functioning and providing comfort (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the medical system that gained dominance in the 19th century as referenced in the text ?

Allopathy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a component of the natural environment?

Climate and soil (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the built environment?

Structures created for housing and commerce. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a typical health threat arising from the built environment?

Lack of access to fresh produce (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the built environment influence physical activity?

It contributes to sedentary habits with a lack of accessible sidewalks. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common health risk for farm workers?

Injuries from machinery and falls. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health risk specifically associated with prolonged sun exposure for farm workers?

Skin diseases and certain cancers (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health issue associated with sedentary habits due to the built environment?

Cardiovascular disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What aspects of a neighborhood are considered as a part of the built environment?

Transportation systems and land use patterns. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Cohen's research, which factor is NOT a distinct aspect of social relationships?

Economic status (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Thoits' reanalysis of data suggest regarding disadvantaged sociodemographic groups?

They are more vulnerable to the effects of life events due to more negative events and fewer coping resources. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the scope of the 'social environment' in relation to health?

The full range of social relationships, from societal to interpersonal, governed by social rules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health, what does the term 'health behavior' generally refer to?

Actions that harm health, such as smoking or unhealthy eating habits. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to McGinnis and Foege's 1993 study, which of the following was NOT identified as a leading factor contributing to mortality?

Air pollution (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is the primary significance of improving health behaviors?

It is critical to reducing the major causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main findings in health studies related to social support?

It is found over and over again, though not well understood. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT listed as a specific health behavior that contributes to mortality and morbidity in the provided content?

Excessive exercising (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are health behaviors traditionally viewed as being primarily under the control of?

The individual. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main shift in perspective regarding health behaviors, as emphasized in recent scholarship?

From individual responsibility to societal organization. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do Short and Molborn (2015) identify as 'key mediating mechanisms' between structural environments and individual health outcomes?

Social determinants of health (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did Healthy People 2010 focus on as a leading health indicator that did NOT relate directly to personal behavior or access to healthcare?

Environmental quality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation of Healthy People 2020 to improve population health?

Expand focus to include health-enhancing social and physical environments. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the relationship between various levels of health determinants in the text?

There are significant and dynamic inter-relationships between them. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the effectiveness of interventions that solely focus on individual-level health determinants?

They may be less effective, when compared to interventions that address multiple levels of health determinants. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following most accurately reflects the evolution of thought regarding the main drivers of health behaviors?

From personal control to social and environmental determinants. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of healthcare?

To restore health or prevent the worsening of health problems. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does health care typically have an impact in the causal chain leading to disease?

Late, after the determinants of health have already had their effect. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The text provides examples of increased need for healthcare related to both coal miners and smokers, which it implies are due to what underlying issue?

Failure to address the determinants of health. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, at what point was coal worker's pneumoconiosis present in 33% of coal miners?

After 25 or more years in the mines. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of secondary prevention?

Early detection and treatment of disease. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main goal of tertiary prevention, according to the provided text?

To eliminate or moderate disability associated with advanced disease. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is one major factor contributing to adult smoking habits?

Failure to prevent adolescents from beginning to smoke. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided in the text, which statement is most accurate regarding those who start smoking at an early age, compared to those that start later?

They are more likely to develop a severe nicotine addiction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Health Care Systems

Health care systems are complex systems of interconnected parts functioning together
Good health systems provide quality services to all people, when and where needed
Systems vary from country to country but all require robust financing, skilled workforce, reliable information, maintained facilities, and logistics for delivering quality medicines and technologies

Defining Health and Determinants

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease
Determinants of health include: genetic inheritance, physical environment, social environment, and health behaviors
Individual and population health are influenced by factors beyond health care, including genetics, the environment (natural and built), social factors, and health behaviors

Health Care in the US: Present State

The US health care system is unique even among comparable industrialized nations
Basic structures and organization of the US system share some similarities with similar countries
Differences exist in financing, equity, efficiency, and population health outcomes from the varied beliefs and practices of other systems.

Health Behaviors

Health behaviors can be positive or negative
Examples of negative health behaviors include smoking, alcohol abuse, unhealthy eating, and lack of physical activity
Prevention and treatment of various health conditions and lifestyle issues are impacted by health behaviors

Population Served

The US population is diverse, with significant differences in demographics, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES)
These variations influence health outcomes, health behaviors, and health utilization/access to health care services
Age structure and poverty influence who uses health services and the types of services needed.

Health Care Workforce

The U.S. health care workforce is employed in various roles and settings.
A large number of occupations are involved in delivering health services
The quantity and quality of the workforce vary significantly.

Health Care Facilities

Traditional US health care included a mix of small, private practices and institutions
In recent decades, there's been an increasing trend toward hospitals and systems integrating ambulatory/outpatient services, including physician practices

Medical Products

Access to a variety of medical products is essential to health care systems, for diagnosis and treatment.
The availability and use of these products vary across regions, races and socioeconomic status.

Health Care System Performance and Information Technology

Health care delivery systems are evaluated using criteria focusing on quality, efficiency, and equity
Health systems are evaluated at the individual, local, regional, and national/public levels
Data is used to evaluate these performance aspects, and health outcomes

Health Care Financing

The US health care financing system is characterized by substantial costs and complexity
Funding sources include public and private entities, which influence healthcare access and affordability.

Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organizations

Government plays a critical role in the U.S. health care system
Various governmental organizations at the federal, state, and local level shape health care policy, financing, and delivery
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) also play a significant role in influencing health, advocacy, and related policy matters.

Types of Health Services

Primary care focuses on preventive care, diagnostics, and treatment, with the support of various related healthcare/support roles/professionals
Secondary and tertiary care are specialized medical services for handling more complex conditions and require follow-up or referral from a primary care physician
Healthcare facilities and care are delivered through a mix of government-funded and private organizations, including but not limited to: hospitals, clinics, and community health centers, all addressing a variety of needs and diseases.

COVID-19 and the US Health Care System

COVID-19 placed unprecedented demands on the US health care system and caused significant disruptions
The pandemic exposed existing weaknesses and disparities in the system and impacted all aspects of healthcare

Morbidity

Chronic conditions are major health problems and a leading cause of mortality requiring sustained medical attention.
Examples include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis, diabetes, heart disease.
Chronic conditions are frequently tied to behaviors, lifestyle, and environmental factors

Injury/Unintentional and Intentional Injuries

Unintentional injuries (e.g., falls, accidents, and poisoning) and intentional injuries (e.g., assaults and suicide) are major causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality in the United States.
Different age groups face varied risks of different types of injuries
Risks increase with lower income and for certain ethnicities

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Description

Test your knowledge on social determinants of health, including their influence on community context, physical environment, and health outcomes. Additionally, explore concepts from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as they relate to wellness and balance in the body. This quiz covers essential aspects and categories crucial to understanding health determinants.