Social Determinants of Health in Canada
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main objectives of the conference?

  • To assess the effectiveness of current medical treatments
  • To develop a new healthcare program
  • To create awareness about traditional medicine
  • To consider the state of key social determinants of health across Canada (correct)

How many social determinants of health are identified as especially relevant to Canadians?

  • 16 (correct)
  • 12
  • 14
  • 18

Which of the following does NOT represent a social location among the social determinants of health?

  • Disability
  • Gender
  • Indigenous ancestry
  • Age (correct)

What criterion was NOT used to identify social determinants of health?

<p>Historical significance in public health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personal identity is related to social determinants of health?

<p>Ethnicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the social locations important in Canadian society?

<p>They are indicators of power and influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which implications were explored during the conference regarding social determinants of health?

<p>Health impacts on Canadians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core goal of outlining policy directions related to social determinants of health?

<p>To strengthen the identified social determinants of health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of premature years of life lost in Canadians?

<p>Income levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is income level assessed in relation to premature mortality in Canada?

<p>Through census tract of residence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease accounts for the highest percentage of premature years of life lost in Canada?

<p>Cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which socioeconomic factor has been identified as a significant independent predictor of disease susceptibility in the UK?

<p>Income levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canadians living in the poorest urban neighborhoods is likely to die from serious diseases compared to other Canadians?

<p>Greater than 30 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is noted regarding the analysis of income and mortality in Canada?

<p>Potential residential area discrepancies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as playing a major role in health outcomes among Canadians?

<p>Social determinants of health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of the analyses regarding income and mortality in Canada?

<p>They are conservative estimates of the relationship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the year of the most recent data indicating income disparities linked to mortality rates in Canada?

<p>1996 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is specifically mentioned as a strong determinant of access to prescription medicines?

<p>Income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research findings, how significant are health care issues in explaining differences in health outcomes?

<p>Relatively small proportion of differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health behaviors has been studied since the mid-1970s concerning its impact on health?

<p>Diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a recent focus regarding policy decisions in Canada?

<p>Addressing social determinants of health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of authors provided insights on health inequalities in Canada?

<p>Tjepkema, Wilkins, &amp; Long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been concluded about health behaviors compared to social determinants in terms of their impact on health?

<p>Social determinants are more important (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some health behaviors that have been studied concerning their impact on health outcomes?

<p>Tobacco use and excess alcohol consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of premature years of life lost in Canadians can be attributed to income differences?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is highlighted as being related to income differences in mortality among Canadians?

<p>Heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the relationship between income and health outcomes in Canadians?

<p>Income is a good predictor of incidence and mortality from various diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the figure of 20 percent for premature years of life lost calculated?

<p>Using mortality rates in the wealthiest quintile as a baseline. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 23 percent mentioned in the context of premature years of life lost?

<p>It is the percentage of premature years lost attributed to income differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic factor is shown to have a higher impact on premature years of life lost than injuries or circulatory diseases?

<p>Income differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when discussing income-related premature years of life lost?

<p>Specific diseases related to income differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, what does 'excess' related to income differences mean?

<p>Deaths above the mortality rate in the wealthiest quintile. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences health outcomes according to the report?

<p>Material living circumstances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does income level affect the prevalence of adult-onset diabetes in Canada?

<p>It is primarily related to income level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is a relatively poor predictor of heart disease rates among populations?

<p>Socioeconomic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a poor predictor of health outcomes in traditional medical discussions?

<p>Health-related behaviours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial condition is mentioned as affecting health outcomes?

<p>Chronic stress from material disadvantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been established as a key factor influencing conditions of advantage and disadvantage throughout life?

<p>Material living conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The report states that stress can be associated with which of the following?

<p>Socioeconomic living conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health-related behavior was mentioned as being adopted or denied in coping with circumstances?

<p>Alcohol consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of the percentage of the population living in poverty in 2010, how did Canada rank compared to Norway and the US?

<p>Better than the US but worse than Norway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Canada's ranking for income inequality in 2010 compared to Norway and the US?

<p>23rd (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the highest percentage of its population reporting no money for food during the past year in 2011/2012?

<p>US (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Canada’s GDP per capita ranking among OECD nations suggest about its overall wealth?

<p>It is relatively high at 11th (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the US’s approach to social security compared to Canada?

<p>It takes a laissez-faire approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Canada’s ranking in terms of no money for food compare to its overall wealth ranking among OECD nations?

<p>Higher wealth ranking corresponds to lower food insecurity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which socio-economic indicator had the poorest ranking for the US in comparison to Norway and Canada in 2010?

<p>All indicators were equally poor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the rankings provided, which statement is true about Norway's performance in the social determinants of health?

<p>Norway consistently ranks best in social determinants of health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Determinants of Health

Factors influencing health beyond individual choices, like socioeconomic status and access to resources.

Canadian Perspectives

Specific social determinants of health relevant to Canada.

Social Locations

Aspects of personal identity (Indigenous ancestry, disability, gender, etc.) that affect power and resource access.

Policy Directions

Strategies to improve social determinants of health through governmental action.

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Social Determinants Criteria

Standards for selecting social determinants (e.g., existing research, alignment with other theories).

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Empirical Literature

Research findings supporting the importance of social determinants to health.

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Conference Purpose

Assess the current situation of social determinants of health, impacts on Canadians, and policy recommendations to improve those determinants.

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Number of Determinants

Increased from 12 to 16 social determinants of health

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Health Inequalities in Canada

Unequal health outcomes among Canadians, despite overall health improvement.

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Prescription Medicine Access

Access to needed prescription medications is frequently influenced by income levels in Canada.

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Health Behaviors

Actions related to health, including things such as smoking and diet.

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Policy Impact on Health

How recent policies affect the factors that support Canadians' health.

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Medical Care Access

Canadians have access to basic medical procedures, but there are still problems with access.

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Health Outcomes

The result of health indicators for a group such as Canadians.

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Importance of Income

Income is a significant factor in determining access to necessary medical care, such as prescription medications.

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Income's effect on premature death

Income is a significant factor in premature mortality from various diseases in Canada and the UK.

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UK income and disease link

Studies in the UK show income levels in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood predict disease development and death.

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Canadian income and death data

Canadian data on income and social status at death isn't routinely collected

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Income/mortality analysis error

Analyses based on residential income may not be precise because people's income doesn't perfectly reflect where they live.

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1996 Canadian income and disease

In 1996, Canadians in the poorest 20% of urban areas had higher risks of dying from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases compared to others.

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Leading cause of premature death in Canada

Cancers were the most common cause of premature deaths in Canada in 1996.

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Estimating Income in relation to Mortality

Income is estimated by using census data (region or area of residence).

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Prevalence of premature loss

Figure 1.1 shows premature death rates/ percentage of lost years attributed to different diseases and income differences.

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Income disparity's impact on premature deaths

Income differences among Canadians are a significant factor contributing to premature deaths, exceeding the impact of injuries and circulatory diseases.

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High Income Mortality Rates as Baseline

Mortality rates in the wealthiest Canadian neighborhoods are used as the basis (baseline) to measure excessive deaths related to income disparities.

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Percent of premature deaths linked to income

About 20% of premature deaths among Canadians before age 75 are attributable to income differences.

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Excess Deaths (Income)

Deaths exceeding the expected mortality rates of the wealthiest quintile are considered 'excess' and linked to income disparities.

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Income and Disease Incidence

Income is a strong predictor for the occurrence and death rates of various illnesses.

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Leading diseases linked to income

Heart diseases and strokes are the primary diseases linked to income-related disparities in mortality.

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Income and Mortality Rates

Economic factors significantly impact disease prevalence and mortality rates in Canadians, with lower income linked to higher mortality.

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Mortality Baseline

Highest income earners' mortality rates are utilized as benchmarks for comparing and determining the extent of higher mortality resulting from income disparity.

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OECD Ranking

Canada ranks 11th out of 34 OECD nations in overall wealth, measured by GDP per capita adjusted for spending power.

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Laissez-Faire Approach

The US takes a hands-off approach to providing basic necessities like employment, food, income, housing, healthcare, and social services.

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Poverty & Food Insecurity

Canada ranks 23rd and 20th out of 34 OECD nations for poverty and food insecurity, respectively.

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Income Inequality

Canada ranks 23rd out of 34 OECD nations in income inequality.

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Norway vs. US

Norway consistently ranks among the top in health and social determinants, while the US consistently ranks near the bottom.

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Health Outcomes & Social Determinants

The table showcases the relationship between social determinants of health, such as poverty and income inequality, and overall health outcomes in Canada.

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Income's Impact

Income significantly influences health by affecting access to essential resources like quality food and shelter. This direct link between income and health is a key factor in overall well-being.

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Diabetes and Income

Studies show that the prevalence of adult-onset diabetes in Canada is strongly tied to income levels, rather than weight, physical activity, or education level.

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Heart Disease and Income

Similarly to diabetes, research suggests that income levels are a primary driver of heart disease rates, outweighing traditional risk factors like cholesterol or exercise.

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Traditional Risk Factors

Factors like cholesterol levels, diet, exercise, tobacco, and alcohol use, while important, have been found to be less effective predictors of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes compared to income and socioeconomic factors.

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Conditions of Advantage/ Disadvantage

Health outcomes are significantly influenced by the conditions of advantage or disadvantage individuals experience throughout life, both as children and adults. These conditions impact stress levels and coping mechanisms, leading to varying health outcomes.

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Coping Mechanisms

Individuals adopt or reject health-threatening behaviors as ways to cope with the stress and circumstances stemming from their socioeconomic conditions. These behaviors further impact their health.

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Beyond Individual Choices

Health outcomes are not solely determined by individual choices, but are shaped by broader societal factors like income inequality and social support systems. These factors influence access to resources, create stress, and impact health behaviors, ultimately affecting people's well-being.

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Study Notes

  • Social determinants of health are the economic and social conditions that shape the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions.
  • Social determinants of health are the primary determinants of whether individuals stay healthy or become ill.
  • They determine the extent to which a person possesses physical, social, and personal resources needed to identify and achieve personal aspirations, and cope with the environment.
  • Key considerations include the quality and distribution of resources available to members of a society.
  • Resources include conditions of childhood, income, education & literacy, food, housing, employment, and working conditions, health & social services.
  • Living and working conditions are more important to health than lifestyle choices.
  • Social determinants of health have been recognized since the mid-1800s.
  • A societal focus on health contrasts with a traditional focus on biomedical and behavioral risk factors.
  • Public policy can be employed to improve social determinants of health.
  • Issues of income, employment, and working conditions are major social determinants of health.
  • Health status is significantly related to income disparities among populations.
  • Income inequalities are a major determinant of premature death.
  • Poverty negatively affects every stage of life.

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Related Documents

Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives (3rd Edition) PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to the social determinants of health in Canada, including their implications and the factors affecting Canadians' health outcomes. Test your knowledge on the objectives of relevant conferences, identified social determinants, and their relationships to personal identity and policy directions.

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