Payne chapter 1

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What is the primary motivation for the author to study sociology?

To challenge economic inequality

To understand the consequences of ignorance

To explore different nations with camera gear

To find answers and solutions (correct)

What are the primary concerns addressed in sociology?

Survival in space and intergalactic travel

Economic inequality and global climate change (correct)

Civilization risk and survival on Earth

Global climate change and technological advancements

What does the author imply about the purpose of studying sociology at the college level?

To restrict freedom and fairness

To achieve greater freedom and fairness (correct)

To limit intellectual exploration and open-mindedness

To promote censorship and control of information

What was the main intellectual center of humanity according to the passage?

Religious elite empires of the Middle East Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which group spent less time in everyday work and was free to contemplate human existence?

Priestly classes and castes Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the secular Greek academic institutions to form without a fundamental built-in bias towards faith-based explanations or political beliefs?

Independent 'city-states' arrangement Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique idea behind Sociology as mentioned in the text?

The consideration of the group as the basic unit of humanity Signup and view all the answers

What does sociology use to test assumptions and develop evidence for explanations about subjects?

The scientific method and statistical evidence Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that the United States of America focuses almost exclusively on the individual for its answers?

For reasons that will be examined later Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Aristotle's school?

To train intellectuals in logical thinking Signup and view all the answers

What era is often referred to as The Golden Age according to the text?

The period when Aristotle formed his school Signup and view all the answers

What historical period is characterized by a movement towards 'Humanism' and looking to humanity for explanations and solutions?

The Renaissance beginning in the 1500s Signup and view all the answers

What was the social science that emerged after economics and focused on dealing with individual victims of stress?

Psychology Signup and view all the answers

In which movement did Germany become the first country in the world to make public education compulsory for all its citizens?

The Enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

How did John Snow identify the source of cholera contamination in London?

By mapping the locations of known deaths of cholera Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with developing the concept of 'random sample' as an important research tool in sociology?

Harriet Martineau Signup and view all the answers

Why did the fleeing Jewish sociologists have an impact on the Chicago School of sociology?

They influenced the Chicago School towards a more courageous social reform stance. Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist's interpretation of Darwin's theory is considered racist and classist by today's standards?

Herbert Spencer Signup and view all the answers

What was Herbert Spencer's stance on helping the poor during the potato crop famine?

He advised against helping the poor and suggested selling food into Irish markets. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Spencer's theory on war according to the text?

It justified considering war as a method to eliminate 'maladapted' citizens and sort out winners and losers on the planet. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the popularity of Social Darwinism among the wealthy, as mentioned in the text?

The rich appreciated the 'scientific' stamp of approval on their bloodlines, justifying their high status and lifestyle. Signup and view all the answers

What did Spencer's social Darwinism lead to, according to the passage?

An increase in hate groups across the nation Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, why has Karl Marx's influence been limited in the USA?

Due to widespread censorship of Marxist ideas Signup and view all the answers

What was Karl Marx's prediction about capitalist economies, as mentioned in the passage?

That extreme inequality would lead to revolutions by the working poor Signup and view all the answers

Why do many authors hesitate to write positively about Marx's ideas, as mentioned in the passage?

They fear being labeled as 'Marxist' Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what did Max Weber claim was the driving force behind the development of capitalism?

The ideology of non-Catholic Christians Signup and view all the answers

What was Emile Durkheim known for in the field of sociology?

Being the first sociological researcher Signup and view all the answers

How did Weber's argument about government control and benefits in socialistic and democratic nations impact his confrontation with Marx's ideas?

It weakened Marx's arguments about the necessity of large governments. Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Marx define as communism?

A society in which government is no longer necessary Signup and view all the answers

Why would Marx be dismayed by the situation in North Korea?

Because North Korea practices strict authoritarian control Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the ideas of Karl Marx have on Western civilization?

They set a course towards greater fairness and economic equality Signup and view all the answers

What did Durkheim's research on suicide reveal about the act of suicide?

It varies widely in terms of rates, reasons, and methods across different cultures Signup and view all the answers

Based on the passage, what did Durkheim theorize as the primary influence on an individual's mind and behavior?

Social ties to others in intimate groups Signup and view all the answers

What factor was identified as contributing to the lowest suicide rates among orthodox Jews according to the text?

Strong social ties and collective salvation concept Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Marx refer to as 'the opiate of the masses'?

Religion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Karl Marx and Max Weber's approaches to understanding society, as mentioned in the passage?

Follow the money vs. follow the ideas Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Karl Marx's friendship with Friedrich Engels, as mentioned in the passage?

Engels' wealth contradicted Marx's anti-rich message Signup and view all the answers

According to Durkheim's research, what is the relationship between social ties and suicide rates?

Stronger social ties lead to lower suicide rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Durkheim's conclusion regarding individual behavior and its determinants?

It challenges the traditional Western notion of individual responsibility for behavior Signup and view all the answers

What do the cross-cultural homicide statistics presented in the text demonstrate?

Human behavior cannot be explained by differences within individuals alone Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did Jane Addams have on sociological policies in the USA?

She opened Hull House as a think-tank for progressive ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What was C. Wright Mills known for in the context of sociology?

He became a famous critic of World War 1. Signup and view all the answers

What made W.E.B. Du Bois a controversial figure in his time?

He became a famous critic of World War 1. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main warning given by President Eisenhower in his speech?

The influence of the military industrial complex on American society Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s visit to India in the 1950s?

To study non-violent resistance techniques used by Mahatma Gandhi Signup and view all the answers

What did C. Wright Mills encourage in his work 'The Sociological Imagination'?

Challenging sacred beliefs and becoming aware of the wider world Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives in sociology?

The Functionalist perspective focuses on cooperation and harmony, while the Conflict perspective emphasizes competing interests and coercion. Signup and view all the answers

How did King's peaceful marches and the Montgomery bus boycott impact the civil rights movement according to the text?

They led to the passing of landmark civil rights laws in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What approach do modern sociological researchers use to keep their research practical and scientific?

They focus on testing only parts of theoretical perspectives at a time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential weakness of the Functionalist perspective in sociology?

Its research findings are often convenient for the powerful because their advantage is not the main point of interest. Signup and view all the answers

Payne chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary motivation for the author to study sociology?

What are the primary concerns addressed in sociology?

What does the author imply about the purpose of studying sociology at the college level?

What was the main intellectual center of humanity according to the passage?

According to the passage, which group spent less time in everyday work and was free to contemplate human existence?

What allowed the secular Greek academic institutions to form without a fundamental built-in bias towards faith-based explanations or political beliefs?

What is the unique idea behind Sociology as mentioned in the text?

What does sociology use to test assumptions and develop evidence for explanations about subjects?

Why does the text suggest that the United States of America focuses almost exclusively on the individual for its answers?

What was the main purpose of Aristotle's school?

What era is often referred to as The Golden Age according to the text?

What historical period is characterized by a movement towards 'Humanism' and looking to humanity for explanations and solutions?

What was the social science that emerged after economics and focused on dealing with individual victims of stress?

In which movement did Germany become the first country in the world to make public education compulsory for all its citizens?

How did John Snow identify the source of cholera contamination in London?

Who is credited with developing the concept of 'random sample' as an important research tool in sociology?

Why did the fleeing Jewish sociologists have an impact on the Chicago School of sociology?

Which sociologist's interpretation of Darwin's theory is considered racist and classist by today's standards?

What was Herbert Spencer's stance on helping the poor during the potato crop famine?

What was the impact of Spencer's theory on war according to the text?

What was a significant consequence of the popularity of Social Darwinism among the wealthy, as mentioned in the text?

What did Spencer's social Darwinism lead to, according to the passage?

According to the passage, why has Karl Marx's influence been limited in the USA?

What was Karl Marx's prediction about capitalist economies, as mentioned in the passage?

Why do many authors hesitate to write positively about Marx's ideas, as mentioned in the passage?

According to the passage, what did Max Weber claim was the driving force behind the development of capitalism?

What was Emile Durkheim known for in the field of sociology?

How did Weber's argument about government control and benefits in socialistic and democratic nations impact his confrontation with Marx's ideas?

What did Karl Marx define as communism?

Why would Marx be dismayed by the situation in North Korea?

What impact did the ideas of Karl Marx have on Western civilization?

What did Durkheim's research on suicide reveal about the act of suicide?

Based on the passage, what did Durkheim theorize as the primary influence on an individual's mind and behavior?

What factor was identified as contributing to the lowest suicide rates among orthodox Jews according to the text?

What did Karl Marx refer to as 'the opiate of the masses'?

What is the primary difference between Karl Marx and Max Weber's approaches to understanding society, as mentioned in the passage?

What is the significance of Karl Marx's friendship with Friedrich Engels, as mentioned in the passage?

According to Durkheim's research, what is the relationship between social ties and suicide rates?

What is the significance of Durkheim's conclusion regarding individual behavior and its determinants?

What do the cross-cultural homicide statistics presented in the text demonstrate?

What significant impact did Jane Addams have on sociological policies in the USA?

What was C. Wright Mills known for in the context of sociology?

What made W.E.B. Du Bois a controversial figure in his time?

What was the main warning given by President Eisenhower in his speech?

What was the primary purpose of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s visit to India in the 1950s?

What did C. Wright Mills encourage in his work 'The Sociological Imagination'?

What is the main difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives in sociology?

How did King's peaceful marches and the Montgomery bus boycott impact the civil rights movement according to the text?

What approach do modern sociological researchers use to keep their research practical and scientific?

What is a potential weakness of the Functionalist perspective in sociology?

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