30 Questions
What type of social control relies on the threat of punishment to prevent individuals from violating socially accepted norms?
Negative social control
Which type of deterrence aims to discourage potential offenders by punishing specific individuals severely, making them less likely to re-offend?
Specific deterrence
According to Karl Mannheim's classification, which type of social control depends on factors like customs, laws, and opinions affecting the entire society?
Indirect social control
In general deterrence, what is the primary purpose of punishing offenders severely?
To prevent future criminal acts by example
Which type of social control is characterized by individuals following societal practices and traditions to gain rewards and recognition?
Positive social control
What is the main difference between direct and indirect social control according to Karl Mannheim?
Direct control targets individuals, while indirect control targets groups
What is a common symptom of Dementia according to the text?
Impairment of abstract thinking
Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for Dementia in the text?
Immediate and recent memory impairment
What is a common behavior associated with Aggressive Behavior in Conduct Disorder?
Being cruel to others
Which stage of Dementia is characterized by progressive memory loss?
Stage 2 (Middle Stage)
What is a common symptom associated with Organic Amnestic Syndrome?
Impairment of forgetfulness
Which behavior is characteristic of Deceitful Behavior in Conduct Disorder?
Breaking into homes or cars to steal
What type of behavior is associated with Violation of Rules in Conduct Disorder?
Running away
What is a key feature of Disturbance of the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Dementia?
Insomnia or total sleep loss
What is a common emotional disturbance associated with Dementia?
Euphoria
What is a common outcome for students with Conduct Disorder?
Belief in deserving special treatment
Which age group does Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder refer to?
Before age 10
What is a common belief associated with people having Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
Uniquely talented
Which feminist theory focuses on the unequal treatment of women in both the workplace and at home?
Social Feminism
What is a common tool for degrading women according to the Marxist view of feminism?
Marriage and childbirth
Which feminist theory advocates for repairing social and environmental justice by women's actions?
Ecofeminism
What category of criminals are considered 'born criminals' according to the text?
Abnormal Criminals
In the context of criminal classification, who are considered 'Criminaloids' according to the text?
Persons who occasionally behave delinquently
Which feminist theory aims at ensuring both equality for everyone and freedom from black women's oppression?
Black Feminism
What defense mechanism is characterized by being unable to face reality or admit the truth?
Denial
Which mechanism involves projecting unacceptable feelings away from consciousness?
Ego-ideal
Neurotic anxiety is primarily driven by fear of which element overpowering the ego?
Instinctual impulses (ID)
What term is commonly used to refer to entirely unconscious thoughts including instinctive and primitive behaviors?
Subconscious thoughts
Which mechanism involves covering up weaknesses by emphasizing a more desirable trait?
Neurotic defenses
What does the ID represent within the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud?
Instinctual impulses
Study Notes
Classification of Criminals
- Three categories: Born Criminals (30%), Abnormal Criminals, and Occasional Criminals
- Born Criminals: genetic predisposition, no environmental influence
- Abnormal Criminals: idiots, imbeciles, paranoids, melancholic, paralytics, people with epilepsy, insane, alcoholics, and hysterics
- Occasional Criminals: Criminaloids (had difficulties in childhood), Pseudo-Criminals (insane persons or those who committed a crime in self-defense), and Criminals out of Habit (habitual criminals)
Marxist Feminism
- Unequal treatment in the workplace and at home leads to oppression
- Removal of the capitalist system would eradicate gender inequalities
- Marriage, childbirth, childcare, domestic work, and prostitution are tools for degrading women
Eofeminism
- Symbolic relationship between women's oppression and environmental destruction
- Repair of social and environmental justice, advocate for women to reduce environmental destruction
Black Feminism
- Ensure equality for everyone, freedom from black women's oppression
- Liberation of all women and eradication of racial and economic class discrimination
Somatology by William Sheldon
- Dementia: disease causing problems, behavior, and disturbances of cognition
- Classification of Organic Mental Disorders: Disturbances, Perceptual Psychomotor Disturbance, Disturbance of the Sleep-Wake Cycle, Emotional Disturbances
- Risk Factors: age, family history, genetics, gender, past head trauma, poor sleep patterns, high cholesterol, and lifestyle
Stages of Dementia
- Stage 1 (Early Stage): forgetfulness, declining interest in environment, poor performance at work
- Stage 2 (Middle Stage): progressive memory loss, hesitancy in response to stimuli
Social Control by Karl Mannheim
- Two Types: Direct Social Control (depends on people's reaction) and Indirect Social Control (individual affected by factors like customs, laws, and opinions)
- Positive Social Control: following mores, practices, and traditions to gain rewards
- Negative Social Control: using threat of punishment to prevent an individual from doing something wrong
Deterrence
- Two Basic Types: General (offenders serve as an example for others) and Specific (punishing specific offenders severely)
- Deterrence: people don't commit crimes because they are afraid of getting caught
Aggressive Behavior
- Types: threatening or causing physical harm, destroying property, deceitful behavior, and violating rules
- Conduct Disorder: poor interpersonal relations, rejected by peers, poor social skills, lower achievement levels, and believe they deserve special treatment
Types of Conduct Disorder
- Childhood-Onset: occurs before age 10
- Adolescent-Onset: occurs during teenage years
- Unspecified Onset: unknown age at which conduct disorder first occurs
Causes of Conduct Disorders
- Withdrawal: facing failure or rejection
- Compensation: weakness by person's awareness
- Denial: unable to face reality or admit truth
- Ego-Ideal: experiences with reward to proper behavior
Explore the concept of social control as outlined by Karl Mannheim, including direct social control dependent on people's reactions within proximity and indirect social control influenced by customs and opinions. Learn about different types of social control and factors that contribute to societal norms.
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