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What is a key characteristic of Specific Phobia?
Which of the following is a common cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) technique for treating anxiety disorders?
How are anxiety disorders commonly maintained?
What distinguishes fear from anxiety?
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Which of the following comorbid conditions is often linked with anxiety disorders?
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What role do developmental influences play in anxiety disorders?
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What is a common misconception about treating anxiety disorders?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to the causation of anxiety disorders?
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What is the estimated prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder in the population?
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Which of the following disorders is commonly comorbid with Social Anxiety Disorder?
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What therapeutic technique is mentioned as beneficial for managing phobias such as fear of snakes?
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During which stage of life does Social Anxiety Disorder typically start to develop?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered a causal factor for Social Anxiety Disorder?
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Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder may avoid social situations due to a fear of being what?
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A subtype of Social Anxiety Disorder specifically related to performance fears is known as what?
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What feeling is often misattributed by individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder regarding how others view them?
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What practice is recommended to help reduce anxiety during exposure to feared situations?
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What is a key sign that Social Anxiety Disorder is interfering with an individual's functioning?
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What is the most effective long-term treatment for panic disorder?
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Which medication class is preferred for treating panic disorder?
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What is a common issue associated with benzodiazepines in the treatment of panic disorder?
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Which of the following reflects a cycle that contributes to panic disorder?
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In a sample exposure hierarchy, driving over a bridge with a baby is rated as what percentage of fear?
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What type of therapy includes panic control as its focal point?
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What aspect of cognitive theory explains how panic disorder develops?
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Which treatment method involves facing situations that are being avoided?
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How do cognitive distortions play a role in the maintenance of panic disorder?
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What physiological response is often misinterpreted by individuals with panic disorder?
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Study Notes
Social Anxiety Disorder
- Extreme fear and anxiety in social situations due to potential scrutiny or negative evaluation by others
- People with social anxiety disorder either avoid social situations or endure them with significant distress
- It interferes with their overall functioning
- The DSM-5-TR includes a specific subtype called "Performance Only", which means a person experiences anxiety in specific performance situations.
- Common in 7% of the population, with some claiming it to be the most common anxiety disorder.
- Estimates suggest 13-14% of the population experience social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.
- Onset typically occurs during late high school, university, or college years.
- The peak onset age aligns with the time individuals are more frequently scrutinized and evaluated.
- While there is no significant bias, there may be a slight increase in females.
- The onset usually occurs in adolescents, during a period where they are constantly being evaluated by parents and other adults.
- Individuals with social anxiety disorder are often more sensitive to the idea that people are always noticing and judging them, even when that is not the case.
- Frequently comorbid with major depressive disorder and eating disorders.
Causal Factors of Social Anxiety Disorder
- Biological and evolutionary vulnerability.
- Behavioral inhibition, which is inheritable.
- Learning experiences.
Cognitive Theory of Panic
- A trigger stimulus (internal or external) leads to a perceived threat.
- The perceived threat causes apprehension, worry, and fear, often focused on having a panic attack or other distressing situations.
- This worry leads to triggering body sensations that further feed into the cycle of worry and concern.
- Body sensations may go unnoticed until explicitly mentioned.
- This cycle fuels the perceived threat, creating a vicious feedback loop.
- Treatment often focuses on changing thoughts about bodily sensations and their meaning.
- Ignoring the sensations may lead to a lack of awareness, contributing to the cycle.
- Understanding the role of thoughts about symptoms is crucial for treating panic disorder.
Treatments for Panic Disorder
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Medication Treatments:
- SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are preferred medications, for example, Prozac and Paxil.
- SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) are also used, for example, Cymbalta.
- Benzodiazepines can be effective but problematic and not preferred.
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Psychological and Combined Treatments:
- CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) including panic control treatment.
- CBT combined with medication.
- CBT with exposures (particularly relevant for agoraphobia).
Exposure Hierarchy for Panic Disorder
- This involves gradually increasing exposure to feared stimuli or situations.
- It generally starts with low-intensity exposures with a corresponding low fear rating (e.g., driving toward a bridge alone, but not actually crossing it).
- Intensity and fear rating gradually increase with each exposure.
- The goal is to eventually expose individuals to their most feared situations with a high fear rating (e.g., driving over the bridge with traffic while having a baby daughter in the car).
Commonalities in Maintenance and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
- Safety and avoidance behaviors are common factors in maintaining anxiety disorders.
- Exposure therapy targets these behaviors, gradually increasing exposure to feared stimuli or situations.
- The goal is to reduce anxiety by repeatedly exposing individuals to the feared stimulus while providing support and coping strategies.
- Overtime, the fear response gradually diminishes with repeated exposure, as the individual learns that the feared object or situation is not actually dangerous.
Key Concepts for Anxiety Disorders
- The nature of anxiety and fear.
- When are these feelings considered a disorder.
- The nature of effective treatments.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Social Anxiety Disorder, including its symptoms, prevalence, and impact on functioning. Learn about the specific subtype 'Performance Only' mentioned in the DSM-5-TR and the typical age of onset. Discover how social situations affect individuals dealing with this common anxiety disorder.