Podcast
Questions and Answers
Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of?
Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of?
Amalgamation
What did controversial Senate Bill 1070 propose in 2010?
What did controversial Senate Bill 1070 propose in 2010?
During a lawful stop, detention, or arrest, Arizona police officers may establish the immigration status of anyone they suspect may be here illegally.
What is an example of white privilege based on the scenario of Alexander and Christopher?
What is an example of white privilege based on the scenario of Alexander and Christopher?
White privilege
How is segregation defined?
How is segregation defined?
Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make about others is false?
Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make about others is false?
Which sociological perspective believes racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society for the dominant group?
Which sociological perspective believes racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society for the dominant group?
Which of these statements regarding race is true?
Which of these statements regarding race is true?
Important to the understanding of institutional racism is the concept of _____.
Important to the understanding of institutional racism is the concept of _____.
According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is?
According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is?
Which of these statements about gender socialization is false?
Which of these statements about gender socialization is false?
What is the difference between sex and gender?
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Why may managing a transgendered identity be stressful?
Why may managing a transgendered identity be stressful?
The term for people who deviate from the binary (i.e., either male or female) system of gender is _____.
The term for people who deviate from the binary (i.e., either male or female) system of gender is _____.
How would a functionalist explain unequal wages between men and women?
How would a functionalist explain unequal wages between men and women?
Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the announcement made by the American Psychological Association in 1973 regarding homosexuality?
Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the announcement made by the American Psychological Association in 1973 regarding homosexuality?
A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.
What is Gender Dysphoria?
What is Gender Dysphoria?
What evidence supports that gender is socially constructed?
What evidence supports that gender is socially constructed?
What is the Kinsey Scale?
What is the Kinsey Scale?
Max Weber analyzed the connections between?
Max Weber analyzed the connections between?
What is the purchasing behavior described as when someone buys a $5,000 designer purse to show off?
What is the purchasing behavior described as when someone buys a $5,000 designer purse to show off?
Which of these is not a criticism of the functionalist perspective on social inequality from a conflict perspective?
Which of these is not a criticism of the functionalist perspective on social inequality from a conflict perspective?
What does the Davis-Moore Thesis state?
What does the Davis-Moore Thesis state?
Which statement is false about social mobility in the United States today?
Which statement is false about social mobility in the United States today?
How are upper class and upper-middle class defined sociologically?
How are upper class and upper-middle class defined sociologically?
What is one main issue in studying global social inequality?
What is one main issue in studying global social inequality?
What percentage of U.S. wealth is held by the wealthiest top 1% of people?
What percentage of U.S. wealth is held by the wealthiest top 1% of people?
What form of promotion is described by Elisa's career success?
What form of promotion is described by Elisa's career success?
How is wealth distribution in the U.S. influenced by race?
How is wealth distribution in the U.S. influenced by race?
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living in the U.S.?
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living in the U.S.?
For many people during the recession, it was a time of __________.
For many people during the recession, it was a time of __________.
What does it mean if about eighteen percent of Americans have zero or negative wealth?
What does it mean if about eighteen percent of Americans have zero or negative wealth?
Which statement is false regarding social class?
Which statement is false regarding social class?
What is wealth considered in terms of social class?
What is wealth considered in terms of social class?
Max Weber called the opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class _____.
Max Weber called the opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class _____.
Which statement best reflects the functionalist perspective on social inequality?
Which statement best reflects the functionalist perspective on social inequality?
What do sociologists use to measure social class?
What do sociologists use to measure social class?
What is the primary difference between Marx's and Weber's views of social class?
What is the primary difference between Marx's and Weber's views of social class?
What can social class be seen through?
What can social class be seen through?
Which statement about social mobility in the U.S. is true?
Which statement about social mobility in the U.S. is true?
Which type of theorist considers inequality in the social system as fair?
Which type of theorist considers inequality in the social system as fair?
What social system is Mohit an example of?
What social system is Mohit an example of?
What determines a person's position in a country's social stratification?
What determines a person's position in a country's social stratification?
Social mobility occurring within a generation is called _____ mobility.
Social mobility occurring within a generation is called _____ mobility.
A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth is called _____.
A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth is called _____.
What conclusion have symbolic interactionists come to?
What conclusion have symbolic interactionists come to?
What seems to be the key to upward social mobility?
What seems to be the key to upward social mobility?
The position one holds in relation to the economic, political, social and cultural resources in a society is called one's _____.
The position one holds in relation to the economic, political, social and cultural resources in a society is called one's _____.
Cate and Harry are planning a(n)___________ marriage.
Cate and Harry are planning a(n)___________ marriage.
What terms does Immanuel Wallerstein use to classify nations?
What terms does Immanuel Wallerstein use to classify nations?
Colonization ended soon after _____.
Colonization ended soon after _____.
How is global stratification different from social stratification?
How is global stratification different from social stratification?
What does the poverty line established by the U.S. government measure?
What does the poverty line established by the U.S. government measure?
What is an example of slavery according to Anti-Slavery International?
What is an example of slavery according to Anti-Slavery International?
Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations?
Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations?
What type of economy is characterized by the lowest standard of living?
What type of economy is characterized by the lowest standard of living?
What is true regarding global stratification?
What is true regarding global stratification?
Why is Wallerstein's classification preferred by sociologists?
Why is Wallerstein's classification preferred by sociologists?
What was the intent of colonialism according to historical context?
What was the intent of colonialism according to historical context?
Which statement related to global stratification is true?
Which statement related to global stratification is true?
Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?
Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?
What is one practical way to curb the use of sweatshop labor?
What is one practical way to curb the use of sweatshop labor?
In which region does women's employment outside the agricultural sector remain under 20 percent?
In which region does women's employment outside the agricultural sector remain under 20 percent?
What figure does the World Bank use to classify each nation?
What figure does the World Bank use to classify each nation?
According to dependency theory, what role do multinational corporations play?
According to dependency theory, what role do multinational corporations play?
What is the relationship between the poorest countries and their governmental structure?
What is the relationship between the poorest countries and their governmental structure?
The _____ countries are typically poor and largely agricultural.
The _____ countries are typically poor and largely agricultural.
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.
According to the World Bank, _____ people live in extreme poverty.
According to the World Bank, _____ people live in extreme poverty.
What describes areas experiencing economic decline due to outsourcing?
What describes areas experiencing economic decline due to outsourcing?
Dependency theory suggests that global inequality originated in which period?
Dependency theory suggests that global inequality originated in which period?
What do international data on poverty and hunger indicate?
What do international data on poverty and hunger indicate?
What is stated by modernization theory?
What is stated by modernization theory?
How do U.S. companies justify outsourcing?
How do U.S. companies justify outsourcing?
Maria is not reporting her babysitting income to the IRS. She is part of the _____________.
Maria is not reporting her babysitting income to the IRS. She is part of the _____________.
Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?
Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?
Which statement is false regarding the status of women globally?
Which statement is false regarding the status of women globally?
What role do multinational corporations have according to dependency theorists?
What role do multinational corporations have according to dependency theorists?
According to modernization theory, what causes poverty?
According to modernization theory, what causes poverty?
Angela believes that race relations in America are poor due to laws by the ruling class. Which sociological perspective does her view align with?
Angela believes that race relations in America are poor due to laws by the ruling class. Which sociological perspective does her view align with?
Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's problems on the Jewish population is an example of?
Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's problems on the Jewish population is an example of?
How are stereotypes defined?
How are stereotypes defined?
What is the psychological theory that argues dominant group members vent frustrations on minorities?
What is the psychological theory that argues dominant group members vent frustrations on minorities?
What supports the process of racial formation?
What supports the process of racial formation?
Which example describes racial steering?
Which example describes racial steering?
The majority of American citizens are descendants of immigrants?
The majority of American citizens are descendants of immigrants?
What is the historical process of defining a group as a race called?
What is the historical process of defining a group as a race called?
In the United States, which race is considered the dominant group?
In the United States, which race is considered the dominant group?
Which statement about race is true?
Which statement about race is true?
What term describes Asad's diverse first-grade class?
What term describes Asad's diverse first-grade class?
A social category of people who share a common culture is referred to as a(n)?
A social category of people who share a common culture is referred to as a(n)?
Which group is stereotyped as the model minority in the U.S.?
Which group is stereotyped as the model minority in the U.S.?
What is the best example of institutional discrimination?
What is the best example of institutional discrimination?
Max believes that racial beliefs are based on popular media images. His perspective is?
Max believes that racial beliefs are based on popular media images. His perspective is?
What is the most important factor for determining racial categories in society?
What is the most important factor for determining racial categories in society?
How is discrimination defined?
How is discrimination defined?
How is assimilation defined?
How is assimilation defined?
Arizona Senate Bill 1070 was aimed at whom?
Arizona Senate Bill 1070 was aimed at whom?
What is an example of expulsion in racial history?
What is an example of expulsion in racial history?
What is prejudice?
What is prejudice?
Study Notes
Social Stratification and Inequality
- Max Weber examined the interconnections among economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification.
- Conspicuous consumption refers to purchasing high-priced items to showcase wealth, exemplified by spending $5,000 on a bag.
- The Davis-Moore Thesis posits that valuable professions yield higher compensation based on societal value.
- Misconceptions about social mobility claim anyone can succeed through hard work, but factors such as class origin often limit upward movement.
Wealth Distribution and Class Dynamics
- Upper class individuals hold control over their lives and influence others, unlike the upper-middle class, which lacks such broad power.
- Social mobility is influenced by race, as discriminatory banking and housing practices perpetuate wealth inequality.
- Approximately one-third of U.S. wealth is concentrated among the top 1%, emphasizing economic disparity.
- Many Americans (18%) possess negative wealth where debt surpasses net worth, raising concerns about economic stability.
Global Stratification and Economic Context
- Global stratification reveals that affluent nations exploit less powerful ones, primarily through colonial practices established centuries ago.
- Dependency theory suggests that exploitation of poor nations benefits wealthy nations, perpetuating a cycle of poverty.
- The International data reveals a decline in malnutrition globally, with an estimated 1.4 billion people living in extreme poverty.
- The majority of the world's impoverished people reside in Asia and Africa, indicating regional disparities in wealth.
Racial Dynamics and Discrimination
- Racial formation is a process shaped by social institutions reflecting societal values.
- Institutional discrimination can manifest through policies, such as biased airport security procedures targeting specific ethnic groups.
- Historical context highlights that the majority of Americans are descendants of immigrants, contributing to America's diverse tapestry.
- White individuals historically dominate social power structures, creating a racial hierarchy where government acknowledgment of race is significant.
Prejudice, Assimilation, and Segregation
- Actions stemming from prejudiced beliefs manifest as discrimination against certain groups.
- Assimilation involves minority groups adopting the dominant culture's traits, potentially erasing distinct characteristics.
- Segregation involves the physical separation of ethnic or racial groups, influencing social dynamics and interactions.
- Bill 1070 and executive orders, such as Roosevelt's internment of Japanese Americans, show how policies can institutionalize racial discrimination.
Class Disparities and Economic Mobility
- Declining middle class represents a significant threat to the standard of living in the U.S., affecting purchase stability and economic growth.
- The emergence of the underground economy reflects informal employment practices often overlooked in official statistics.
- Education plays a crucial role in determining upward social mobility, yet most individuals remain in the social class of their parents.
Functionalism and Conflict Theory Perspectives
- Functionalist theorists view inequality as balanced by the idea that everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed, seeing meritocracies as just.
- Conflict theorists argue against such assumptions, asserting that systemic inequalities impact social class and mobility significantly.
- The scapegoat theory illustrates how dominant groups may displace frustrations onto minority populations rather than confronting their true sources.
Historical and Contemporary Impacts
- Colonization shifted global dynamics, allowing industrial nations to secure resources without competition from underdeveloped colonies.
- Discrimination's historical roots, including slavery and informal exploitation, persist through modern practices like child labor in sweatshops.
- Understanding societal inequalities requires examining the historical context and how group beliefs affect classifications of race and social class.### Definition of Key Terms
- Power is a crucial concept in social dynamics and influences societal structures and norms.
- Race, according to social constructionism, is not biologically identifiable, emphasizing the social context of racial categories.
Gender Socialization
- A false statement regarding gender socialization claims it causes all individuals to conform to societal expectations.
- Gender socialization shapes how individuals perceive and enact their gender roles within society.
Differences Between Sex and Gender
- Sex refers to biological and physiological differences, including reproductive organs and genetic differences.
- Gender relates to an individual's identification as masculine, feminine, both, or neither, reflecting social and cultural dimensions.
Transgender Identity
- Managing a transgender identity can be stressful due to societal expectations and pressures from others.
- Transgendered individuals exist outside the traditional male-female binary system.
Wage Inequality
- Functionalist perspective explains unequal wages between men and women by highlighting socialization that steers women toward lower-paying roles and choices.
Sexual Orientation Perspectives
- In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality, a significant shift viewed through the lens of Symbolic Interactionism, which examines the meanings individuals attach to social phenomena.
Biological Sex vs. Gender Identity
- True statement: A person’s biological sex may not align with their gender identity, recognizing the complexity of gender experiences.
Gender Dysphoria
- Gender Dysphoria describes individuals whose identified gender differs from their gender assigned at birth, involving significant emotional distress.
Social Construction of Gender
- Evidence supporting the social construction of gender includes the existence of diverse gender roles and expectations across various cultures.
Kinsey Scale
- The Kinsey Scale is a six-point system measuring sexual orientation, ranging from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive homosexuality, promoting understanding of sexual diversity.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from SOC 101 Exam 3. Focus on important theories and examples, including Max Weber's analysis of stratification and consumer behavior. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcing your understanding of sociology.
