Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy Quiz

Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy

• First edition edited by F. Paulsen and J. Waschke.
• Translated by T. Klonisch and S. Hombach-Klonisch, based in Winnipeg, Canada.
• Supplement to the 15th edition of Sobotta, Atlas of Anatomy, volumes 1-3.
• Provides systematic learning tables for muscles, joints, and nerves.
• Abbreviations: O = Origin, I = Insertion, F = Function.

Contact Information

• Business correspondence directed to Elsevier GmbH, Munich, Germany.
• Editors' addresses:
  • Prof. Dr. Friedrich Paulsen, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
  • Prof. Dr. Jens Waschke, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
• Translators' addresses:
  • Prof. Dr. Sabine Hombach-Klonisch and Prof. Dr. Thomas Klonisch, University of Manitoba, Canada.

Muscles of the Neck

• Scalenus Anterior

  • O: Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6.
  • I: Scalene tubercle of rib I.
  • F: Bends cervical column sideways and lifts rib I (inspiration).

• Scalenus Medius

  • O: Tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C7.
  • I: Rib I, posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery.
  • F: Bends cervical column sideways and lifts rib I (inspiration).

• Scalenus Posterior

  • O: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C6.
  • I: Rib II.
  • F: Bends cervical column sideways and lifts rib II (inspiration).

Prevertebral Muscles

• Located alongside cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, covered by prevertebral fascia.

• Rectus Capitis Anterior

  • O: Transverse process and lateral mass of the atlas.
  • I: Basilar part of the occipital bone.
  • F: Bends and turns head ventrolaterally.

• Longus Capitis

  • O: Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6.
  • I: Basilar part of the occipital bone.
  • F: Bends head ventrally, turns it to the ipsilateral side.

• Longus Colli

  • O: Body of cervical and thoracic vertebrae (C3-T5).
  • I: Transverse processes of C2-C6 and atlas.
  • F: Bends head ventrally, turns to the ipsilateral side.

Muscles of the Thoracic Wall

• Pectoralis Major

  • Shapes anterior upper thoracic wall; part of autochthonous back muscles.

• Iliocostalis Muscle Group

  • Iliocostalis Lumborum

    • O: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and iliac crest.
    • I: Angles of ribs XII-V.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

  • Iliocostalis Thoracis

    • O: Ribs XII-VII medial to costal angle.
    • I: Angles of ribs VI-I.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

  • Iliocostalis Cervicis

    • O: Ribs VII-III medial to costal angle.
    • I: Transverse processes C3-C6.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

Autochthonous Muscles of the Back

• Longissimus Muscle Group

  • Longissimus Thoracis

    • O: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum.
    • I: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and ribs.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

  • Longissimus Cervicis

    • O: Transverse processes of T1-T6.
    • I: Transverse processes of C2-C5.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

  • Longissimus Capitis

    • O: Transverse processes of T1-T3 and lower cervical vertebrae.
    • I: Mastoid process.
    • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

Intertransversal Muscles

• Intertransversarii Lumborum

  • O: Iliac tuberosity and costal processes of lumbar vertebrae.
  • I: Costal processes of lumbar vertebrae.
  • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

• Intertransversarii Thoracis

  • O: Transverse processes of T12-T10.
  • I: Accessory processes of L1.
  • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

Spinotransversal System

• Splenius Cervicis

  • O: Spinous processes from T3 to C6.
  • I: Transverse process of C2-C3.
  • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

• Splenius Capitis

  • O: Spinous processes of C3-C7 and ligamentum nuchae.
  • I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line.
  • F: Unilateral lateroflexion; bilateral extension.

Levatores Costarum

• Connect transverse processes to ribs, aiding in rib elevation and lateroflexion of the vertebral column.
• O: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae.
• I: Ribs lateral to the costal angle.

Pelvic Diaphragm

• Made up of Levator ani and Ischiococcygeus muscles.
• Levator ani includes two components: pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.
• Puborectalis forms a loop around the rectum, aiding in faecal continence.
• Innervated by branches of sacral nerves S3 and S4.

Levator Ani Details

• Origin: Inner surface of pubis near the pubic symphysis.
• Insertion: Central tendon of perineum, coccyx, and sacrum.
• Function: Stabilizes pelvic organs, assists in urinary and fecal continence, encompasses rectum for distal occlusion.

Ischiococcygeus

• Origin: Ischiatic spine and sacrospinal ligament.
• Insertion: Sacrum and coccyx.
• Function: Provides support similar to levator ani, contributing to pelvic stability.

External Anal Sphincter

• Innervated by the pudendal nerve from the sacral plexus.
• Origin: Dermis and subcutis around the anus; central tendon of perineum.
• Insertion: Dermal layer surrounding the anus at the anococcygeal ligament.
• Function: Controls occlusion of the anus.

Perineal Muscles

• Includes Deep transverse perineal muscle and External urethral sphincter.

Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle

• Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
• Origin: Inferior pubic ramus.
• Insertion: Central tendon of perineum.
• Function: Secures the levator gap.

External Urethral Sphincter

• Part of the deep transverse perineal muscle.
• Structure: Circular muscle surrounding the urethra.
• Function: Occlusion of the urethra, vital during ejaculation.

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

• Considered an inconsistent muscle and innervated by the pudendal nerve.
• Origin: Ramus of ischium.
• Insertion: Central tendon of perineum.
• Function: Supports the deep transverse perineal muscle.

Ischiocavernosus

• Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
• Origin: Ramus of ischium.
• Insertion: Crus of the penis or clitoris.
• Function: Stabilizes cavernous bodies, assists in ejaculation.

Bulbospongiosus

• Surrounds the bulb of the penis in males or bulb of the vestibule in females.
• Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
• Origin: Central tendon of perineum, additionally at the raphe of the penis in males.
• Insertion: Surrounds the bulb of penis/bulb of vestibule.
• Function: Stabilizes cavernous bodies, aids in ejaculation.

Joints of the Upper Extremity

• Includes shoulder girdle and joints of the upper extremity.

Shoulder Girdle Joints

• Medial clavicular joint: uneven surfaces; allows rotation in multiple axes for shoulder movement.
• Lateral clavicular joint (acromioclavicular): plane joint allowing complex shoulder movements.

Shoulder Joint

• Type: Spheroidal joint.
• Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation.

Elbow Joint

• Hinge joint (humero-ulnar) permits flexion and extension.
• Humeroradial joint is spheroidal but functionally restricted.
• Proximal/distal radio-ulnar joints allow pronation and supination.

Carpal Joints

• Proximal carpal joint (radiocarpal): ellipsoid joint allowing abduction and adduction.
• Distal carpal joint (mediocarpal): hinge joint; allows flexion and extension.

Thumb Joint

• Carpometacarpal joint: saddle joint allowing unique movements like opposition and reposition.

Metacarpophalangeal and Finger Joints

• Metacarpophalangeal joints are spheroidal, allowing for various movements in relation to the middle finger.
• Finger joints are hinge joints, facilitating flexion and extension.

Test your knowledge of the Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, exploring the tables of muscles, joints, and nerves included in this essential guide. This quiz will challenge your understanding of anatomical structures and their relationships. Perfect for students and professionals in the fields of medicine and biology.