SNUG112 Fundamentals of Nursing

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are principles for effective teamwork and communication? (Select all that apply)

Clear roles and responsibilities (correct)

Mutual trust and respect (correct)

Shared goals of care (correct)

Personal best skills

Inadequate communication is a primary issue contributing to medication errors.

True

What does PCC stand for in healthcare?

Person-Centred Care

The 12 activities of living in the RLT model include maintaining a safe environment and __________.

communication Signup and view all the answers

What is SDG 3 focused on?

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key priorities with their respective targets under SDG 3.

Reduce Maternal Mortality = Reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 End Epidemics of Communicable Diseases = End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria by 2030 Universal Health Coverage = Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection Reduce Road Traffic Deaths = Halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2030 Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge in implementing person-centred care?

Time constraints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key target of SDG 3?

Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is People-Centred Care (PCC)?

A fundamental approach in nursing that focuses on treating patients with dignity, respect, and compassion while considering their holistic needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of People-Centred Care?

Respect for Patients' Values Signup and view all the answers

People-Centred Care improves patient ________.

satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

People-Centred Care disregards patient preferences in treatment plans.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the barriers to implementing People-Centred Care?

Time Constraints Signup and view all the answers

What does the Clinical Reasoning Cycle (CRC) assist healthcare professionals with?

It assists in processing patient information, making informed decisions, and delivering effective care. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT part of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle?

Publish Results Signup and view all the answers

Match the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) with their descriptions:

Maintaining a Safe Environment = Ensuring the patient's surroundings are safe Communication = Facilitating effective exchange of information Eating and Drinking = Ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration Sleeping = Ensuring the patient can rest and sleep adequately Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the Roper, Logan, and Tierney (RLT) Model of Nursing?

It provides a framework for holistic patient assessment and care planning. Signup and view all the answers

The RLT Model of Nursing focuses only on the physical health of patients.

False Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Australians report living with cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

18% Signup and view all the answers

Men are 40% more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than women.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death in Australia?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

Injuries are the leading cause of death for people aged ______.

1-44 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following health conditions with their relevant facts:

Cardiovascular Disease = Accounts for 24% of all deaths in Australia Diabetes Mellitus = Increased from 460,000 to 1.3 million cases between 2000 and 2021 Mental Disorder = 42.9% of people aged 16-85 have experienced at least one Asthma = Affects nearly 2.8 million people in Australia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key National Health Priority Area (NHPA) in Australia?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What chronic condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin issues?

Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Chronic musculoskeletal conditions only affect older adults.

False Signup and view all the answers

The most common type of dementia is ______.

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3)?

To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of asthma?

Wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, and chest tightness. Signup and view all the answers

What chronic musculoskeletal conditions are mentioned?

Back problems Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of nurses in managing asthma?

Educate patients on proper use of inhalers and medications. Signup and view all the answers

Women are less likely to have asthma compared to men.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which types of dementia are mentioned?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

How many Australians had chronic musculoskeletal conditions in 2022?

About 7.3 million. Signup and view all the answers

The main aim of UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) is to ensure healthy lives and promote __________.

well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles of nurses with their actions in diabetes management:

Education = Teach patients about diet, exercise, and medication adherence. Support = Provide emotional support and resources. Assessment = Identify triggers and assess control. Signup and view all the answers

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the Close the Gap report focus on?

Reducing the life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of ECG mentioned?

15 lead ECG Signup and view all the answers

What is the common definition of obesity as determined by the body mass index (BMI)?

BMI greater than 30 Signup and view all the answers

How can BMI be calculated?

A person's height (cm) is divided by their weight (kg). Signup and view all the answers

Obesity is a significant risk factor for diabetes mellitus II.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered complications of obesity? (Select all that apply)

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is one strategy for managing obesity in nursing care?

Encourage a healthy diet Signup and view all the answers

Children are at a higher risk of becoming overweight or obese if their parents are _____ .

overweight or obese Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of diabetes with their characteristics:

Diabetes Mellitus Type I = Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells Diabetes Mellitus Type II = Insulin resistance combined with relative insulin deficiency Gestational Diabetes = Hormonal changes during pregnancy leading to insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What are the target BGL (Blood Glucose Level) values for Type 1 diabetes before meals?

4.0 – 6.0 mmol/L Signup and view all the answers

The Close the Gap campaign aims to improve life expectancy for Indigenous Australians.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor known to increase the risk of obesity?

Active lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What are cultural determinants of health?

Personal beliefs and customs Signup and view all the answers

Obesity can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the BMI classification for obesity?

Greater than 30 Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes is a chronic condition characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use ______.

insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is usually managed with lifestyle changes and oral hypoglycemics?

Diabetes Mellitus Type II Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diabetes types with their management strategies:

Diabetes Mellitus Type I = Requires lifelong insulin therapy Diabetes Mellitus Type II = Lifestyle changes and oral hypoglycemics Gestational Diabetes = Diet and exercise management Signup and view all the answers

What is one major complication associated with obesity?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommendation for daily foot care for diabetes patients?

Daily inspection for sores Signup and view all the answers

A person with a BMI under 18.5 is classified as overweight.

False Signup and view all the answers

What psychological support should be provided to patients with diabetes?

Support for emotional well-being and coping with chronic illness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of SNUG112 Fundamentals of Nursing

Course focus on People-Centered Care (PCC) emphasizing dignity, respect, and compassion in patient care.
Incorporation of clinical reasoning and critical thinking skills through the Clinical Reasoning Cycle (CRC).

Subject Learning Outcomes (SLO)

Application of clinical reasoning to individual/group care using assessment data.
Development of effective communication skills in written, oral, and digital formats.
Adherence to nursing regulations, policies, and relevant standards.

Module One: Person-Centered Care

Key Principles of PCC:
- Holistic care tailored to individual needs, preferences, and values.
- Patients as active participants in their own care decisions.
Importance of PCC:
- Enhances patient satisfaction and quality of care.
- Promotes better health outcomes through patient engagement.
- Empowers patients and addresses holistic health needs.

Key Components of PCC

Respect for Patients' Values: Incorporate patient preferences into care plans.
Coordination of Care: Ensure communication across multidisciplinary teams.
Information and Education: Provide clear and understandable health information.
Physical Comfort: Regularly assess and manage pain and discomfort.
Emotional Support: Address psychological needs through empathetic care.
Family Involvement: Include family in care discussions and planning.
Continuity of Care: Develop comprehensive discharge plans and follow-up care.
Access to Care: Reduce barriers ensuring timely healthcare services.

Challenges in PCC

Time Constraints: Limited patient interaction may hinder comprehensive care.
Resource Limitations: Access issues can impede effective care delivery.
Communication Gaps: Language and clarity issues can lead to misunderstandings.
Resistance to Change: Difficulty in adapting to new care practices.

Solutions for PCC Challenges

Improve time management by prioritizing patient-centered activities.
Advocate for resource allocation and utilize community services.
Enhance communication through interpreters and educational materials.
Provide ongoing education about PCC principles for healthcare professionals.

Clinical Reasoning Cycle (CRC)

Systematic approach facilitating accurate patient care decisions.
Stages of CRC include considering patient situations, collecting information, processing information, identifying problems, establishing goals, taking action, evaluating outcomes, and reflecting on the process.

Roper, Logan, and Tierney (RLT) Model of Nursing

Focuses on Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) essential for holistic assessment and individualized care.
Twelve ADLs identified include maintaining a safe environment, communication, breathing, eating, eliminating, personal hygiene, temperature control, mobilization, working and playing, expressing sexuality, sleeping, and dying.

Importance of RLT Model

Fosters thorough patient assessment and holistic care planning.
Enhances patient outcomes and promotes professional nursing practices.

Professional Communication and Teamwork

Effective communication is crucial in healthcare to reduce errors and improve outcomes.
Key principles for effective teamwork include shared goals, clear roles, mutual respect, and structured communication practices.

Module Connection to Nursing Standards

Addresses Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia Standards, including critical thinking, professional relationships, and comprehensive assessments.
Emphasizes the development of PCC, critical thinking, and communication skills integral to nursing practice.### Importance of Person-Centred Care
Enhances patient satisfaction and engagement in healthcare processes.
Improves overall quality of care and health outcomes.
Supports patients' holistic health and well-being.
Empowers patients by incorporating their values and preferences into care.

Components of Person-Centred Care

Respect for Patient Values: Listen to and integrate patient preferences for personalized care.
Coordination of Care: Facilitate smooth transitions through effective communication in multidisciplinary teams.
Information and Education: Encourage patient inquiries and provide clear explanations of their conditions and care plans.
Physical Comfort: Maintain a comfortable healing environment with regular assessments.
Emotional Support: Address emotional needs with compassionate care, recognizing anxiety and fear.
Involvement of Family and Friends: Include family members in care decisions and provide necessary support.
Continuity and Transition: Develop comprehensive plans for discharge and follow-up care to ensure continuity.
Access to Care: Remove barriers to healthcare access and timely follow-ups.

Challenges and Solutions in Person-Centred Care

Time Constraints: Utilize effective time management strategies.
Resource Limitations: Plan and allocate resources effectively.
Communication Gaps: Enhance communication skills among healthcare teams.
Resistance to Change: Implement ongoing education and training to promote change.

Clinical Reasoning Cycle

Consider the Patient: Gather initial information, history, and symptoms.
Collect Cues: Gather detailed patient history and perform relevant physical examinations.
Process Information: Analyze collected information for patterns and abnormal findings.
Identify Issues: Create a problem list and prioritize patient concerns.
Establish Goals: Set measurable short- and long-term objectives for patient care.
Take Action: Implement interventions based on established plans.
Evaluate Outcomes: Assess the effectiveness of care interventions and make necessary adjustments.
Reflect on Learning: Conduct self-assessment and identify areas for improvement.

Roper, Logan, Tierney Model for Nursing

Focuses on holistic care, emphasizing the whole person beyond just medical treatment.
Guides nurses in tailoring care according to individual patient needs using the 12 activities of living, such as maintaining a safe environment, effective communication, and providing emotional support.

Importance of the RLT Model

Facilitates holistic patient assessment and personalized care plans.
Enhances overall patient outcomes and quality of life.
Promotes ethical and professional nursing practices.

Professional Communication

Essential for effective teamwork and reducing errors in patient care.
Involves interpersonal skills, clinical reasoning, and conflict management.
Requires clear roles, mutual trust, and structured communication to enhance team function.

UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3)

Aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being, focusing on reducing maternal mortality and eliminating communicable diseases.
Highlights the necessity of integrating global health priorities into nursing practice to enhance healthcare access and quality.

Key Targets and Indicators for SDG 3

Reduce Maternal Mortality: Target of less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.
End Communicable Diseases: Target to eliminate epidemics of diseases such as AIDS and malaria by 2030.
Universal Health Coverage: Ensure access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship by 2030.

Australian National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs)

Focuses on diseases contributing significantly to Australia’s health burden.
Key NHPAs include Cancer Control, Cardiovascular Health, Injury Prevention, Mental Health, Diabetes Mellitus, Asthma, Arthritis, and Dementia.

Cancer Control

One of the leading causes of death; 162,163 cases and 49,996 deaths estimated in 2022.
Focus on prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care.

Cardiovascular Health

Approximately 4.5 million Australians live with CVD; it accounts for 24% of deaths.
Focus on public education, acute care, and advocacy for safety policies.

Injury Prevention and Control

Injuries are the leading cause of death for those aged 1-44.
Efforts focus on public safety education and acute care for injuries.

Mental Health

Major health concern; 42.9% of adults experience a mental disorder in their lifetime.
Nurses play a critical role in screening, supporting, and educating patients about mental health.

Diabetes Mellitus

Affects 1.3 million Australians; prevalence rising significantly.
Focus on patient education, monitoring, and emotional support.

Asthma

Chronic condition affecting 2.8 million Australians; symptoms include wheezing and breathlessness.
Emphasis on medication management and lifestyle education.### Asthma
Higher prevalence in boys (10.1%) compared to girls (6.2%) among children aged 0-14.
Asthma care includes trigger identification, inhaler education, and action plan development.
Common symptoms: wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, and chest tightness.
Nearly 2.8 million Australians reportedly have asthma, with usage of inhaled medications and lifestyle management.

Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions

Affect bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues; include conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
In 2022, 7.3 million Australians reported chronic musculoskeletal conditions, stable since 2017-18.
Specific conditions: 4 million (16%) reported back problems; 3.7 million (15%) reported arthritis; 854,000 (3.4%) reported osteoporosis or osteopenia.
Nursing role involves pain management strategies and patient education on exercise and joint protection.

Dementia

Group of conditions causing cognitive decline, impacting memory, speech, and mobility.
Progressive disorder requiring increasing levels of care, affecting mainly older adults but also younger individuals.
In 2022, 7.3 million Australians had dementia, including Alzheimer's and mixed dementia.
Nursing focus includes early identification, care management plans, and caregiver support/resources.

Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3)

Aims to promote healthy lives and well-being at all ages; targets include reducing maternal mortality and ending epidemics of communicable diseases by 2030.
Universal health coverage and reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases are key objectives.

National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs)

Prioritize areas with significant disease burdens in Australia, including Cancer, Cardiovascular health, and Mental health.
Nursing interventions are directed at education, patient support, early screening, and advocacy for health equity.

Cancer Control

Leading cause of death in Australia, with 162,163 cases diagnosed in 2022.
Five-year survival rate is around 70% for diagnoses from 2014-2018.
Emphasis on prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care.

Cardiovascular Health

One in six Australians live with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
CVD accounts for 24% of all deaths in the country.
Higher mortality rates among men and disadvantaged populations; nursing role includes safety education, acute care, and advocating for public health initiatives.

Injury Prevention and Control

Major health issue; leading cause of death for ages 1-44.
8.1% of disease burden; 7.6% of health expenditure.
Nursing responsibilities encompass community education on prevention and provision of emergency care.

Mental Health

Critical for overall health; mental disorders can disrupt daily functioning and cognition.
Nurses play a role in early screening, therapeutic communication, and increasing public awareness to reduce stigma.

Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to ineffective insulin use; prevalence has risen dramatically from 460,000 to 1.3 million from 2000-2021.
Regular monitoring and patient education on lifestyle management are vital nursing actions.

Cardiovascular Assessment & ECG

Importance of conducting ECGs to detect heart disease and monitor patient's cardiac health.
The A to G assessment methodology for thorough cardiovascular evaluation focuses on comprehensive patient history and anatomical landmark recognition.

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