SNMP Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an NMS?

To manage and control network management stations

To execute applications that monitor and control managed devices (correct)

To provide the bulk of the processing and memory resources required for network management

To monitor and control network protocols

What is the purpose of a trap in SNMP?

To request information from a managed device

To send unrequested event reports to a management system (correct)

To provide additional processing resources to managed devices

To monitor network protocols

What determines the structure of management information in SNMP?

SMI (correct)

MIBs

NMS

SNMP

What is throttling in the context of SNMP traps?

Limiting the number of traps sent per second from the agent Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in a MIB?

The actual management information data Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Trap 1 in SNMP?

It contains the agent address Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of SNMP in network management?

To exchange management information on the network Signup and view all the answers

What determines how information is exchanged on the network in SNMP?

SNMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transport mechanism used by SNMP for message transmission?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices is NOT typically SNMP-compatible?

Camera Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an SNMP agent?

To collect and store management information and make it available to NMSs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SNMP manager?

To enforce management decisions in the network Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an SNMP proxy agent?

To maintain information of one or more non-SNMP devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the UDP port number used for SNMP trap messages?

162 Signup and view all the answers

What is ASN.1 used for in SNMP?

To encode SNMP messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the SNMP architecture?

To provide a framework for network device management Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MIB in SNMP?

To store management information Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using SNMP for network management?

It allows for remote and local management of network devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with SNMP v2?

Incompatibility with earlier versions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Bilingual Manager in SNMP v2?

To implement both SNMP v1 and v2 interpreters Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of SNMP v3?

Improved security features Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Dispatcher in SNMP v3 Engine?

To support concurrent multiple SNMP message processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Command Generator in SNMP v3 Application?

To generate get-request, get-next-request, get-bulk, and set-request messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of SNMP v3 over earlier versions?

Improved security features Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Proxy Server in SNMP v1 and v2?

To allow communication between SNMP v1 and v2 agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Message Processing Subsystem in SNMP v3 Engine?

To extract information from received messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Notification Receiver in SNMP v3 Application?

To receive asynchronous messages and process them Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of SNMP v3 over earlier versions in terms of data collection?

Data can be collected securely without fear of tampering or corruption Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SNMP Overview

Developed in 1988, widely supported in modern network hardware
Designed to be simple with few commands
Defined by IETF (Internet engineering task force)

SNMP and OSI Model

Uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as transport mechanism
Operates on two well-known ports: UDP Port 161 (SNMP Messages) and UDP Port 162 (SNMP Trap Message)

SNMP Compatible Devices

Allows remote and local management of devices on the network
Compatible devices include: servers, workstations, routers, switches, printers, and more

SNMP Functionality

Fault Management
Configuration Management
Accounting Management
Performance Monitoring and Management
Security Management

SNMP Architecture

Consists of SNMP Manager, SNMP Agent, and NMS (Network Management System)
SNMP Manager collects and stores management information and makes it available to NMS
SNMP Agent gathers and sends data about managed resources in response to manager requests
NMS executes applications that monitor and control managed devices

SNMP Agent

Small piece of code that runs on every managed device
Collects information, stores it in MIB, and replies to manager with proper information
Can initiate communication with SNMP manager using traps

SNMP Proxy

Maintains information of one or more non-SNMP devices
Converts control messages and runs on other NMS

NMS

Executes applications that monitor and control managed devices
Provides bulk of processing and memory resources required for network management

SNMP Internal Component

SMI: Structure of Management Information
MIBs: Management Information Base
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP Message

SNMP Trap

Unrequested event reports sent to management system by SNMP agent process
Generated when trappable event occurs and sent to trap destination
Can be throttled (limited) and have priority associated with them

Issues with SNMP v2

Multiple versions with no consensus
Security improvements lacking
Incompatibility with earlier versions
Overhead implementing Bilingual Manager or Proxy Server

SNMP v2 Compatibility with SNMP v1

Bilingual Manager: implements both SNMP v1 and v2 interpreter in manager
Proxy Server: allows communication with SNMP v1 agent

SNMP v3

General framework for all three SNMP versions
Improved security feature: message integrity, authentication, and encryption

SNMP v3 Security

Major security improvement: message integrity, authentication, and encryption
Ensures data is not modified or tampered during transit

SNMP v3 Architecture

SNMP engine provides services for sending, receiving, authenticating, and encrypting messages
Dispatcher supports concurrent multiple SNMP message processing
Message processing subsystem prepares message for sending and extracts information from received message
Security subsystem provides security services
Access Control System provides authorization services

SNMP v3 Application

Command Generator: generates get-request, get-next-request, get-bulk, and set-request messages
Command Responder: processes get and set requests destined for it
Notification Receiver: receives asynchronous message and processes it
Notification Originator: initiates asynchronous message or traps
Proxy Forwarder: forwards requests and notifications to other SNMP engines

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Description

Learn about the basics of SNMP, a fundamental network management tool, including its development, features, and relationships with other network protocols.