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Muscular System 1.3

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic shape of smooth muscle cells?

Small and spindle shaped

Where is the nucleus located in a smooth muscle cell?

In the center

What is the appearance of smooth muscle cells under a microscope?

Smooth and homogenous

How do smooth muscle cells compare to skeletal and cardiac muscle cells in terms of shortening?

<p>They can shorten to a greater extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of individual smooth muscle cells?

<p>They have a single nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic organization of visceral smooth muscle cells?

<p>Large sheets of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is typically composed of multi-unit smooth muscle?

<p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of smooth muscle is typically found in the walls of the bladder?

<p>Visceral smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organ containing visceral smooth muscle?

<p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between visceral and multi-unit smooth muscle?

<p>Organization of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the contractions of uterine muscle?

<p>They are stimulated by hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of movement in smooth muscle?

<p>Waves of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the central nervous system (CNS) influence smooth muscle contractions?

<p>It modifies contractions through the nerve supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organizational structure of smooth muscle cells?

<p>Large sheets of muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between smooth muscle contractions and skeletal muscle contractions?

<p>Smooth muscle contractions are involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uterine muscle contractions can be controlled voluntarily.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle cells have a striped appearance under the microscope.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uterine muscle contractions are modified by the peripheral nervous system.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle contractions are typically strong and fine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormone stimulation decreases uterine muscle contractions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>To move food through the tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do visceral smooth muscle cells react to stretching?

<p>By contracting more strongly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the nerve supply of uterine muscle?

<p>It has its own nerve supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of smooth muscle contractions in terms of strength?

<p>They can be strong or weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormone stimulation in uterine muscle contractions?

<p>It increases contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of contraction in visceral smooth muscle?

<p>Wave-like movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the central nervous system in smooth muscle contractions?

<p>Modifying contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stretching on visceral smooth muscle contractions?

<p>It increases contraction strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the wave-like movement of muscles in a tube, such as the intestines?

<p>Peristaltic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the contractions of uterine muscle compared to other smooth muscles?

<p>They are controlled by hormone stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visceral smooth muscle contractions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle contractions are typically weak and fine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peristalsis is a voluntary movement of muscles in a tube.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central nervous system has no influence on smooth muscle contractions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle cells have a similar structure to skeletal muscle cells.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells typically have multiple nuclei.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle forms simple networks around chambers of the heart.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure of cardiac muscle cells is similar to skeletal muscle cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells are found in the walls of the bladder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells are able to contract voluntarily.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells are only found in the heart.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each cardiac muscle cell typically has multiple nuclei.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells can generate an action potential without an external stimulus.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells contract in response to external stimulation only.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells contract at different rhythms depending on the cell.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the sinoatrial node in the heart?

<p>It is responsible for starting contraction in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle contraction?

<p>It is involuntary and rhythmic</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cardiac muscle cells contract in relation to each other?

<p>All cells adopt the contraction rate of the fastest cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of cardiac muscle cells?

<p>Each cell has one nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do cardiac muscle cells start generating an action potential?

<p>Before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microscopic Anatomy of Smooth Muscle

  • Smooth muscle cells are small and spindle-shaped, tapering at the ends.
  • They have a single nucleus in the center and a smooth, homogeneous appearance under the microscope with no striations.
  • Individual smooth muscle cells can shorten to a greater extent than skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.

Types of Smooth Muscle

  • Visceral smooth muscle: found in large sheets of cells in the walls of some hollow organs, such as the stomach, bladder, uterus, small intestine, and colon.
  • Multi-unit smooth muscle: found in small discrete groups of cells, such as in the eyes, blood vessels, and lungs.

Function of Smooth Muscle

  • Involuntary contractions, not under conscious control.
  • Contractions can be strong.
  • Formed as large sheets of muscle that move in waves of contraction rather than fine movement.
  • Uterine muscle is different, with contractions increasing due to hormone stimulation.
  • Has its own nerve supply to modify contractions, controlled by the CNS.

Visceral Smooth Muscle

  • Contracts without the need for external stimulation.
  • Reacts to stretching by contracting more strongly, which is useful in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Peristalsis: involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles down a tube (e.g., intestines) that creates a wave-like movement.

Cardiac Muscle

  • Branched cardiac muscle cells form elaborate networks around chambers of the heart.
  • Each cell usually has one nucleus.
  • Found only in the heart.
  • Sinoatrial node starts contraction, but also capable of intrinsic contraction.
  • Specialized cells can generate an action potential without an external stimulus.
  • Starts heart beating before an animal is born.

Function of Cardiac Muscle

  • Involuntary contraction, no thought is required to make it work.
  • Contracts rhythmically with no external stimulation, unique to cardiac muscle.
  • All cardiac muscle cells contract at the same rhythm, adopting the contraction rate of the fastest cell in the group.
  • Controlled by the heart's own impulse conduction system.

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