overview of digestive system
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Questions and Answers

Which type of smooth muscle cells in the GIT are responsible for generating slow wave potentials?

  • Pacemaker cells
  • Autorhythmic cells (correct)
  • Contractile cells
  • Interstial cells

    • What is the primary function of autorhythmic cells in the GIT?

  • To regulate the frequency of spike potentials
  • To generate action potentials
  • To generate slow wave potentials (correct)
  • To contract the smooth muscle

    • What is the effect of an increase in the frequency of spike potentials on the amplitude of GIT smooth muscle contraction?

  • It decreases the amplitude of contraction
  • It has no effect on the amplitude of contraction
  • It increases the amplitude of contraction (correct)
  • It varies depending on the location in the GIT

    • What is the effect of acetylcholine on the GIT motility?

    <p>It increases the frequency of generation of spike potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Ca2+ channels in the slow wave potentials?

    <p>They cause the depolarizing phase of the slow wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the ENS, ANS, and hormones on the amplitude of slow wave potentials?

    <p>They influence the amplitude of slow wave potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of smooth muscle cells that allows them to contract in unison?

    <p>They are interconnected by gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the splanchnic circulation?

    <p>To absorb nutrients from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport requires energy and involves transporters?

    <p>Primary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of absorption of major nutrients?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of products of digestion from the lumen of the gut into the bloodstream or lymph?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of smooth muscle cells produce the opposite effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

    <p>Contractile smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the motor neurons in the myenteric plexus?

    <p>Control of GIT motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of neurons in the enteric nervous system?

    <p>100 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interneurons in the enteric nervous system?

    <p>Interconnection of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the submucosal plexus, also known as the plexus of Meissner, located?

    <p>Within the submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the enteric nervous system?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the plexus located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis externa?

    <p>Myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the preganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply the GIT localized?

    <p>Thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion innervates the small intestine and the proximal part of the large intestine?

    <p>Superior mesenteric ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stimulation of sympathetic nerves on the GIT?

    <p>Reduced motility and secretion of GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a GIT reflex?

    <p>Response to chemical or mechanical stimulation of receptors in the GIT wall by food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse in the GIT?

    <p>Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following emotions may slow digestion?

    <p>Anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secretin in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To stimulate the secretion of bicarbonates by pancreatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by I cells in the duodenum and jejunum?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histamine in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To stimulate gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of paracrine agents in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>They are secreted by endocrine cells and act locally, without entering the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatostatin in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To inhibit the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To inhibit gastric acid secretion and stimulate insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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