Smoking Effects on Breastfeeding and Infant Health
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated incidence of postpartum depression among women?

  • 20 to 30%
  • 5 to 10%
  • 30 to 40%
  • 10 to 20% (correct)

    • According to the DSM-5, how long after delivery does postpartum depression typically begin?

  • About four weeks (correct)
  • Around two weeks
  • Around six weeks
  • Within the first week

    • What are some risk factors for developing postpartum depression?

  • A history of previous depression, exercise, and strong family support
  • Stress, smoking, and adequate social support
  • Lack of emotional support, history of anxiety, and being a non-smoker
  • Depression during pregnancy, single or living alone, and marital dissatisfaction (correct)

    • Who is also at risk of experiencing postpartum depression, according to the text?

    <p>Male partners of women with postpartum depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation for monitoring the infant if a lactating mother is taking medications that can cause side effects in the infant?

    <p>Monitoring the infant for changes in sleep patterns, feeding patterns, and behavior patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the alternate medications recommended for lactating mothers?

    <p>Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dosing ranges for venlafaxine and duloxetine in lactating mothers?

    <p>Venlafaxine: 75-300 mg, Duloxetine: 40-60 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraceptive method can lactating women use to prevent pregnancy without affecting milk production?

    <p>Progesterone contraceptive methods including IUDs and implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lactation amenorrhea for breastfeeding women?

    <p>To space out children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some benefits of breastfeeding to infants according to the text?

    <p>Reduces all-cause mortality during the first month of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern for lactating women who use oral combination contraceptive pills?

    <p>Reduced milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication comes in extended release tablets?

    <p>Venlafaxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of breastfeeding for the mother?

    <p>Time-consuming nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of breastfeeding for the baby?

    <p>Frequent night waking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a social disadvantage of breastfeeding?

    <p>Limited support and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is an absolute contraindication to breastfeeding?

    <p>Maternal alcohol and substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes appetite reduction during pregnancy and regulates breast milk production?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the yellow fluid rich in immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and leukocytes that is secreted within the first five days after birth?

    <p><strong>Colostrum</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactogenesis difficulties refer to:

    <p><strong>Insufficient</strong> milk production required to support a baby's development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxytocin causes smooth muscle contractions in the uterus during labor and postpartum. It also triggers:

    <p><strong>Letdown</strong> reflex for milk release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactin fosters maternal adaptation and promotes:

    <p><strong>Skin-to-skin</strong> contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maternal antimetabolites, chemotherapy, radioactive therapy, and contraindicated medications are examples of:

    <p><strong>Absolute</strong> contraindications to breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thick, sticky yellow fluid rich in immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and leukocytes provided by the mother?

    <p>Colostrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With herpes lesions, what can the mother provide if the breast pump equipment does not come in direct contact with the herpetic lesion?

    <p>Expressed milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of iron during pregnancy?

    <p>27 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to avoid heating breast milk on a stove or in a microwave?

    <p>It destroys the nutrients in the milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage duration for breast milk in a self-defrosting freezer?

    <p>3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can breast milk stay in a refrigerator before it needs to be thrown out?

    <p>4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of alcohol consumption on breastfeeding infants?

    <p>It decreases their intake of breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of choline during pregnancy?

    <p>450 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use short-acting formula over long-acting formulas for breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>It minimizes the risk of altering lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of smoking on prolactin levels and milk volume in breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>It reduces prolactin levels and milk volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource can be used to evaluate medication decisions for breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>Both LactMed and current scientific evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for breast milk to return to zero alcohol level after consuming one standard drink?

    <p>~175 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intake of folic acid during pregnancy?

    <p>600 micrograms per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of postpartum depression?

    <p>Hypersomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ruling out hypothyroidism important in diagnosing postpartum depression?

    <p>Because hypothyroidism and depression have very similar symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should breast milk not be refrozen once thawed?

    <p>It leads to loss of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line pharmacologic management for postpartum depression?

    <p>Citalopram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should postpartum women with mild depression avoid alcohol?

    <p>Alcohol is a depressant and can exacerbate symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is recommended for postpartum women with mild depression to help them connect with others facing similar issues?

    <p>Support groups and group activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic study should be performed to check for anemia in postpartum women suspected of depression?

    <p>Complete Blood Count (CBC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between postpartum blues and postpartum depression?

    <p>Postpartum blues are short term with mild symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a differential diagnosis for postpartum depression?

    <p>Panic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe postpartum depression?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should pregnant and postpartum women be screened for postpartum depression at every postpartum visit?

    <p>To reduce the incidence of postpartum depression up to 59%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for recommending increased fluid intake for women with postpartum depression?

    <p>To promote breastfeeding and bonding with the baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of citalopram at doses over 40 mg?

    <p>QT prolongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential cause of engorgement?

    <p>Skipping feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of engorgement?

    <p>Hard and warm breasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the risk of engorgement?

    <p>Ineffective infant suckling during breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of engorgement?

    <p>Premature weaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to manage engorgement?

    <p>Avoid long periods without nursing or expressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause inadequate letdown reflex?

    <p>Inadequate relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a symptom of inadequate letdown reflex?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for managing inadequate letdown reflex?

    <p>Massage the breasts before nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of breastfeeding jaundice?

    <p>Inadequate or ineffective feedings at the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of breastfeeding jaundice?

    <p>Yellow skin tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for managing breastfeeding jaundice?

    <p>Avoid supplementation with formula if not medically indicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of poor milk ejection?

    <p>Stress and inadequate nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for breast care during breastfeeding?

    <p>Using warm water for washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to moisturize dry nipples during breastfeeding?

    <p>Lanolin or expressed breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if symptoms of a plugged duct don't improve within 24 hours?

    <p>Contact a healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should maternal nutrition be maintained during lactation?

    <p>To reduce the risk of chronic disease in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can nutrient deficiencies during lactation affect the infant?

    <p>By affecting the quality of the breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered for additional supplementation in breastfeeding mothers with dietary restrictions?

    <p>Vitamin B deficiencies in vegans or vegetarians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilocalories per day do most women need during lactation?

    <p>$1900 to 2500$ kilocalories per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should women consider restricting calories to lose baby weight during breastfeeding?

    <p>After at least two months into breastfeeding or postpartum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much fluid should women aim to drink daily during lactation?

    <p>$8$ cups of fluid daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of mastitis in lactating women?

    <p>Improperly fitting bra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mastitis typically appear on assessment?

    <p>Lump in one or more of the breasts, breast tenderness, and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for mastitis in lactating women?

    <p>Empty the breasts frequently, continue breastfeeding, and get increased rest and fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause candidiasis in breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>Frequent changing of wet breast pads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical symptom of candidiasis in breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>Persistent or severe pain in the nipples and areola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should candidiasis be managed in breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>Treat the infant and mother while continuing breastfeeding for the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a first-line pharmacologic management for mastitis?

    <p>Dicloxacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should breast milk not be frozen during candidiasis treatment?

    <p>Freezing may deactivate the yeast but won't kill it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of breastfeeding jaundice?

    <p>Inadequate breast milk intake by the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended if a resistant case of Candida occurs in a breastfeeding mother?

    <p>Treat with oral fluconazole under medical supervision while continuing breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should mothers continue breastfeeding during mastitis treatment?

    <p>It assists in emptying the breasts frequently which aids in recovery from mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can mastitis be distinguished from another source if a mother experiences fever and chills?

    <p>By confirming that fever is coming from mastitis and not another source</p> Signup and view all the answers

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