Smoking Effects on Breastfeeding and Infant Health
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated incidence of postpartum depression among women?

  • 20 to 30%
  • 5 to 10%
  • 30 to 40%
  • 10 to 20% (correct)

According to the DSM-5, how long after delivery does postpartum depression typically begin?

  • About four weeks (correct)
  • Around two weeks
  • Around six weeks
  • Within the first week

What are some risk factors for developing postpartum depression?

  • A history of previous depression, exercise, and strong family support
  • Stress, smoking, and adequate social support
  • Lack of emotional support, history of anxiety, and being a non-smoker
  • Depression during pregnancy, single or living alone, and marital dissatisfaction (correct)

Who is also at risk of experiencing postpartum depression, according to the text?

<p>Male partners of women with postpartum depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommendation for monitoring the infant if a lactating mother is taking medications that can cause side effects in the infant?

<p>Monitoring the infant for changes in sleep patterns, feeding patterns, and behavior patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the alternate medications recommended for lactating mothers?

<p>Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the dosing ranges for venlafaxine and duloxetine in lactating mothers?

<p>Venlafaxine: 75-300 mg, Duloxetine: 40-60 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of contraceptive method can lactating women use to prevent pregnancy without affecting milk production?

<p>Progesterone contraceptive methods including IUDs and implants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lactation amenorrhea for breastfeeding women?

<p>To space out children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some benefits of breastfeeding to infants according to the text?

<p>Reduces all-cause mortality during the first month of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential concern for lactating women who use oral combination contraceptive pills?

<p>Reduced milk production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication comes in extended release tablets?

<p>Venlafaxine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of breastfeeding for the mother?

<p>Time-consuming nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of breastfeeding for the baby?

<p>Frequent night waking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a social disadvantage of breastfeeding?

<p>Limited support and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an absolute contraindication to breastfeeding?

<p>Maternal alcohol and substance abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes appetite reduction during pregnancy and regulates breast milk production?

<p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the yellow fluid rich in immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and leukocytes that is secreted within the first five days after birth?

<p><strong>Colostrum</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lactogenesis difficulties refer to:

<p><strong>Insufficient</strong> milk production required to support a baby's development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxytocin causes smooth muscle contractions in the uterus during labor and postpartum. It also triggers:

<p><strong>Letdown</strong> reflex for milk release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prolactin fosters maternal adaptation and promotes:

<p><strong>Skin-to-skin</strong> contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maternal antimetabolites, chemotherapy, radioactive therapy, and contraindicated medications are examples of:

<p><strong>Absolute</strong> contraindications to breastfeeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick, sticky yellow fluid rich in immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and leukocytes provided by the mother?

<p>Colostrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With herpes lesions, what can the mother provide if the breast pump equipment does not come in direct contact with the herpetic lesion?

<p>Expressed milk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of iron during pregnancy?

<p>27 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to avoid heating breast milk on a stove or in a microwave?

<p>It destroys the nutrients in the milk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended storage duration for breast milk in a self-defrosting freezer?

<p>3-4 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can breast milk stay in a refrigerator before it needs to be thrown out?

<p>4 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of alcohol consumption on breastfeeding infants?

<p>It decreases their intake of breast milk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of choline during pregnancy?

<p>450 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use short-acting formula over long-acting formulas for breastfeeding mothers?

<p>It minimizes the risk of altering lactation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of smoking on prolactin levels and milk volume in breastfeeding mothers?

<p>It reduces prolactin levels and milk volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What resource can be used to evaluate medication decisions for breastfeeding mothers?

<p>Both LactMed and current scientific evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for breast milk to return to zero alcohol level after consuming one standard drink?

<p>~175 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intake of folic acid during pregnancy?

<p>600 micrograms per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of postpartum depression?

<p>Hypersomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ruling out hypothyroidism important in diagnosing postpartum depression?

<p>Because hypothyroidism and depression have very similar symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should breast milk not be refrozen once thawed?

<p>It leads to loss of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic management for postpartum depression?

<p>Citalopram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should postpartum women with mild depression avoid alcohol?

<p>Alcohol is a depressant and can exacerbate symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity is recommended for postpartum women with mild depression to help them connect with others facing similar issues?

<p>Support groups and group activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic study should be performed to check for anemia in postpartum women suspected of depression?

<p>Complete Blood Count (CBC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between postpartum blues and postpartum depression?

<p>Postpartum blues are short term with mild symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a differential diagnosis for postpartum depression?

<p>Panic disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe postpartum depression?

<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should pregnant and postpartum women be screened for postpartum depression at every postpartum visit?

<p>To reduce the incidence of postpartum depression up to 59% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for recommending increased fluid intake for women with postpartum depression?

<p>To promote breastfeeding and bonding with the baby (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of citalopram at doses over 40 mg?

<p>QT prolongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential cause of engorgement?

<p>Skipping feedings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of engorgement?

<p>Hard and warm breasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the risk of engorgement?

<p>Ineffective infant suckling during breastfeeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of engorgement?

<p>Premature weaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to manage engorgement?

<p>Avoid long periods without nursing or expressing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause inadequate letdown reflex?

<p>Inadequate relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a symptom of inadequate letdown reflex?

<p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for managing inadequate letdown reflex?

<p>Massage the breasts before nursing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of breastfeeding jaundice?

<p>Inadequate or ineffective feedings at the breast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of breastfeeding jaundice?

<p>Yellow skin tone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for managing breastfeeding jaundice?

<p>Avoid supplementation with formula if not medically indicated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of poor milk ejection?

<p>Stress and inadequate nutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for breast care during breastfeeding?

<p>Using warm water for washing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to moisturize dry nipples during breastfeeding?

<p>Lanolin or expressed breast milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if symptoms of a plugged duct don't improve within 24 hours?

<p>Contact a healthcare provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should maternal nutrition be maintained during lactation?

<p>To reduce the risk of chronic disease in adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can nutrient deficiencies during lactation affect the infant?

<p>By affecting the quality of the breast milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered for additional supplementation in breastfeeding mothers with dietary restrictions?

<p>Vitamin B deficiencies in vegans or vegetarians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kilocalories per day do most women need during lactation?

<p>$1900 to 2500$ kilocalories per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should women consider restricting calories to lose baby weight during breastfeeding?

<p>After at least two months into breastfeeding or postpartum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much fluid should women aim to drink daily during lactation?

<p>$8$ cups of fluid daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of mastitis in lactating women?

<p>Improperly fitting bra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mastitis typically appear on assessment?

<p>Lump in one or more of the breasts, breast tenderness, and fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for mastitis in lactating women?

<p>Empty the breasts frequently, continue breastfeeding, and get increased rest and fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause candidiasis in breastfeeding mothers?

<p>Frequent changing of wet breast pads (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical symptom of candidiasis in breastfeeding mothers?

<p>Persistent or severe pain in the nipples and areola (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should candidiasis be managed in breastfeeding mothers?

<p>Treat the infant and mother while continuing breastfeeding for the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a first-line pharmacologic management for mastitis?

<p>Dicloxacillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should breast milk not be frozen during candidiasis treatment?

<p>Freezing may deactivate the yeast but won't kill it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of breastfeeding jaundice?

<p>Inadequate breast milk intake by the infant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended if a resistant case of Candida occurs in a breastfeeding mother?

<p>Treat with oral fluconazole under medical supervision while continuing breastfeeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should mothers continue breastfeeding during mastitis treatment?

<p>It assists in emptying the breasts frequently which aids in recovery from mastitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mastitis be distinguished from another source if a mother experiences fever and chills?

<p>By confirming that fever is coming from mastitis and not another source (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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