Smart Objects Core Capabilities Quiz

Smart Object Capabilities

• Smart object capabilities are categorized into core, enhanced, and advanced types.
• Core capabilities are essential; without them, an object is not considered smart. They include:
  • Digital identification
  • Retention
  • Communication
  • Energy harvesting

Core Capabilities

• Communication is crucial for information exchange in IoT networks.
• Smart objects require energy for processing and task execution, sourcing energy from external or autonomous means.

Enhanced Capabilities

• Enhanced capabilities improve the functionality of smart objects and include:
  • Sensing/actuating
  • Processing
  • Networking
  • Shielding (ensures security and privacy)
  • Logging

Advanced Capabilities

• Advanced capabilities include:
  • Self-awareness: tracking status, structure, and history of the object.
  • Self-management: utilizing data for life cycle and maintenance management.

Stimuli Classification

• Stimuli measurable by sensors are classified into types:
  • Electric Stimuli: Charge, Electric Field, Current, Voltage.
  • Magnetic Stimuli: Magnetic Field, Magnetic Flux, Magnetic Flux Density.
  • Thermal Stimuli: Temperature, Thermal Conductivity.
  • Mechanical Stimuli: Velocity, Position, Acceleration, Force, Density, Pressure.

Sensors and Actuators

• Sensors and actuators work together, with actuators converting electrical signals to non-electrical energy.
• Example actuator: Electric motor, which translates electrical signals into mechanical action.
• Example sensors include light and motion detectors; example actuators include LEDs and motors.

Transducers

• Transducers can convert energy forms; examples are loudspeakers and potentiometers.

Sensor Classifications

• Sensors can be categorized in several ways:
  • Simple (Direct) vs. Complex Sensors
  • Active vs. Passive Sensors
  • Contact vs. Non-Contact Sensors
  • Absolute vs. Relative Sensors
  • Digital vs. Analog Sensors
  • Scalar vs. Vector Sensors

Active and Passive Sensors

• Active sensors (parametric) require external power (e.g., capacitive, inductive sensors).
• Passive sensors (self-generating) generate electrical signals independently (e.g., piezoelectric sensors).

Contact and Non-Contact Sensors

• Contact sensors require physical contact with stimuli (e.g., temperature sensors).
• Non-contact sensors do not require physical contact (e.g., infrared thermometers).