Questions and Answers
Core capabilities of smart objects do not include energy harvesting.
False
Self-management capability allows smart objects to utilize collected information for maintenance.
True
Enhanced capabilities of smart objects include communication and digital identification.
False
The actuator is responsible for converting nonelectrical signals into electrical energy.
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Magnetic stimuli include measurements like temperature and thermal conductivity.
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An electric motor is an example of a sensor.
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Active sensors do not require external power to operate.
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A piezoelectric sensor is an example of a passive sensor.
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Infrared thermometers are examples of contact sensors.
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Capacitive and inductive sensors are types of passive sensors.
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Study Notes
Smart Object Capabilities
- Smart object capabilities are categorized into core, enhanced, and advanced types.
- Core capabilities are essential; without them, an object is not considered smart. They include:
- Digital identification
- Retention
- Communication
- Energy harvesting
Core Capabilities
- Communication is crucial for information exchange in IoT networks.
- Smart objects require energy for processing and task execution, sourcing energy from external or autonomous means.
Enhanced Capabilities
- Enhanced capabilities improve the functionality of smart objects and include:
- Sensing/actuating
- Processing
- Networking
- Shielding (ensures security and privacy)
- Logging
Advanced Capabilities
- Advanced capabilities include:
- Self-awareness: tracking status, structure, and history of the object.
- Self-management: utilizing data for life cycle and maintenance management.
Stimuli Classification
- Stimuli measurable by sensors are classified into types:
- Electric Stimuli: Charge, Electric Field, Current, Voltage.
- Magnetic Stimuli: Magnetic Field, Magnetic Flux, Magnetic Flux Density.
- Thermal Stimuli: Temperature, Thermal Conductivity.
- Mechanical Stimuli: Velocity, Position, Acceleration, Force, Density, Pressure.
Sensors and Actuators
- Sensors and actuators work together, with actuators converting electrical signals to non-electrical energy.
- Example actuator: Electric motor, which translates electrical signals into mechanical action.
- Example sensors include light and motion detectors; example actuators include LEDs and motors.
Transducers
- Transducers can convert energy forms; examples are loudspeakers and potentiometers.
Sensor Classifications
- Sensors can be categorized in several ways:
- Simple (Direct) vs. Complex Sensors
- Active vs. Passive Sensors
- Contact vs. Non-Contact Sensors
- Absolute vs. Relative Sensors
- Digital vs. Analog Sensors
- Scalar vs. Vector Sensors
Active and Passive Sensors
- Active sensors (parametric) require external power (e.g., capacitive, inductive sensors).
- Passive sensors (self-generating) generate electrical signals independently (e.g., piezoelectric sensors).
Contact and Non-Contact Sensors
- Contact sensors require physical contact with stimuli (e.g., temperature sensors).
- Non-contact sensors do not require physical contact (e.g., infrared thermometers).
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of smart object capabilities, including core, enhanced, and advanced types. This quiz delves into essential features like digital identification, communication, and energy harvesting critical for IoT networks. Test your knowledge on what makes objects truly smart!
