Small Intestine Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  • To provide immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens
  • To regulate the amount of nutrients absorbed
  • To transfer digested organic nutrients, minerals, and water from the external environment to the internal environment (correct)
  • To remove waste products from the internal environment

    • What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

  • It is the primary organ responsible for removal of waste products
  • It plays a significant role in removing waste products
  • Its contribution is very small compared to the lungs and kidneys (correct)
  • It does not contribute to the removal of waste products

    • What is the function of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

  • It contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
  • It provides immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens
  • It faces the lumen of the GI tract and consists of epithelial cells, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosa (correct)
  • It surrounds the submucosa and consists of circular and longitudinal muscle layers

    • What is the submucosa layer composed of?

    <p>Connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

    <p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve network located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis?

    <p>Myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stomach in the digestive process?

    <p>To control the rate at which chyme empties into the intestine and to begin the digestion of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the villi and microvilli on the surface of the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates salivary secretion?

    <p>Food in the mouth acting via chemoreceptors and pressure receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest region of the GI tract?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?

    <p>To regulate the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gallbladder?

    <p>To store bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the exocrine secretions of the small intestine, pancreas, and liver?

    <p>To digest all classes of food molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

    <p>To allow food to exit the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb most of the nutrients from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the digestion of polysaccharides and proteins in the small intestine?

    <p>Increased osmolarity of the luminal contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of distension of the stomach on gastric contractions?

    <p>It increases the force of contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

    <p>To regulate the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chief cells in the stomach?

    <p>To secrete pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stimulus for the secretion of HCO 3 - by the pancreatic duct cells?

    <p>Increased luminal acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter?

    <p>To prevent food from entering the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the enzyme enterokinase?

    <p>To activate trypsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

    <p>It decreases the force of contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the recirculation of bile salts during a meal?

    <p>Increased secretion of bile by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the antrum in the stomach?

    <p>To mix food with stomach secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pancreatic enzyme carboxypeptidase?

    <p>To break down peptides into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>To store and concentrate fecal matter before defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fatty acids and monoglycerides cross the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

    <p>By diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bile salts in the small intestine?

    <p>To solubilize fat and its digestion products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC)?

    <p>To propel undigested material into the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the enteric nervous system in the small intestine?

    <p>To coordinate intestinal motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pancreas in the digestion of fat?

    <p>To secrete lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectum?

    <p>To contract to expel feces during defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bacterial fermentation of undigested polysaccharides in the large intestine?

    <p>The production of flatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vomiting center in the brainstem?

    <p>To coordinate vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the precipitation of cholesterol or bile pigments in the gallbladder?

    <p>The formation of gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>To transfer digested organic nutrients, minerals, and water from the external environment to the internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

    <p>It provides immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submucosa layer?

    <p>It contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

    <p>It plays a very small role in removing waste products from the internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the muscularis mucosa?

    <p>It surrounds the submucosa, and consists of circular and longitudinal muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

    <p>The serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cephalic phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

    <p>To prepare the stomach for the arrival of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of protein digestion in the digestive system?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

    <p>To prevent food from entering the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system in the digestive system?

    <p>To regulate the movement of food through the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

    <p>To regulate the movement of food from the stomach into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of distension of the stomach on the force of contractions?

    <p>It increases the force of contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gastrin?

    <p>To stimulate the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intestinal phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

    <p>To regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

    <p>It inhibits gastric contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of receptive relaxation in the stomach?

    <p>To allow the stomach to receive a large volume of ingested food and liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the small intestine increases its absorption area?

    <p>Folding of the intestinal wall and the presence of villi and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT secreted by the exocrine pancreas?

    <p>Bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter?

    <p>To separate the small intestine from the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the hormone secretin on the pancreas?

    <p>Stimulation of HCO3- secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive process?

    <p>To secrete bile into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins into small peptides and amino acids?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the hormone CCK on the gallbladder?

    <p>Contraction of the gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT absorbed by secondary active transport in the small intestine?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the apical membranes of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

    <p>To break down disaccharides into monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation on the pancreas?

    <p>Stimulation of pancreatic secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile salts in the small intestine?

    <p>To solubilize fat and its digestion products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which water is absorbed from the small intestine?

    <p>Osmosis following the active absorption of solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of fatty acids and monoglycerides after they are absorbed by epithelial cells in the small intestine?

    <p>They are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intrinsic factor in the absorption of vitamin B12?

    <p>To combine with vitamin B12 and facilitate its absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the migration of the myoelectrical complex (MMC) in the small intestine?

    <p>The movement of undigested material into the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>To store and concentrate fecal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the active absorption of Na+ in the large intestine?

    <p>The concentration of fecal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the regulation of intestinal motility?

    <p>To coordinate intestinal motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder?

    <p>The blockage of the exit of the gallbladder or common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which chylomicrons and other fat-soluble nutrients enter the bloodstream?

    <p>They are transported through the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

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