Small Intestine Structure and Function

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To provide immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens

To regulate the amount of nutrients absorbed

To transfer digested organic nutrients, minerals, and water from the external environment to the internal environment (correct)

To remove waste products from the internal environment

What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

It is the primary organ responsible for removal of waste products

It plays a significant role in removing waste products

Its contribution is very small compared to the lungs and kidneys (correct)

It does not contribute to the removal of waste products

What is the function of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

It contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

It provides immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens

It faces the lumen of the GI tract and consists of epithelial cells, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosa (correct)

It surrounds the submucosa and consists of circular and longitudinal muscle layers

What is the submucosa layer composed of?

Connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve network located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis?

Myenteric plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive process?

To control the rate at which chyme empties into the intestine and to begin the digestion of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the villi and microvilli on the surface of the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates salivary secretion?

Food in the mouth acting via chemoreceptors and pressure receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest region of the GI tract?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?

To regulate the digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

To store bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the exocrine secretions of the small intestine, pancreas, and liver?

To digest all classes of food molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

To allow food to exit the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb most of the nutrients from food Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the digestion of polysaccharides and proteins in the small intestine?

Increased osmolarity of the luminal contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of distension of the stomach on gastric contractions?

It increases the force of contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

To regulate the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chief cells in the stomach?

To secrete pepsinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the stimulus for the secretion of HCO 3 - by the pancreatic duct cells?

Increased luminal acidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter?

To prevent food from entering the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme enterokinase?

To activate trypsinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

It decreases the force of contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the recirculation of bile salts during a meal?

Increased secretion of bile by the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the antrum in the stomach?

To mix food with stomach secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pancreatic enzyme carboxypeptidase?

To break down peptides into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To store and concentrate fecal matter before defecation Signup and view all the answers

How do fatty acids and monoglycerides cross the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

By diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile salts in the small intestine?

To solubilize fat and its digestion products Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC)?

To propel undigested material into the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enteric nervous system in the small intestine?

To coordinate intestinal motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pancreas in the digestion of fat?

To secrete lipase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rectum?

To contract to expel feces during defecation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bacterial fermentation of undigested polysaccharides in the large intestine?

The production of flatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vomiting center in the brainstem?

To coordinate vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the precipitation of cholesterol or bile pigments in the gallbladder?

The formation of gallstones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To transfer digested organic nutrients, minerals, and water from the external environment to the internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

It provides immune protection against illness from ingested pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submucosa layer?

It contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

It plays a very small role in removing waste products from the internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the muscularis mucosa?

It surrounds the submucosa, and consists of circular and longitudinal muscle layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

The serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cephalic phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

To prepare the stomach for the arrival of food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of protein digestion in the digestive system?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

To prevent food from entering the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system in the digestive system?

To regulate the movement of food through the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

To regulate the movement of food from the stomach into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of distension of the stomach on the force of contractions?

It increases the force of contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gastrin?

To stimulate the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intestinal phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

To regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

It inhibits gastric contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of receptive relaxation in the stomach?

To allow the stomach to receive a large volume of ingested food and liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the small intestine increases its absorption area?

Folding of the intestinal wall and the presence of villi and microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT secreted by the exocrine pancreas?

Bile salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter?

To separate the small intestine from the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the hormone secretin on the pancreas?

Stimulation of HCO3- secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive process?

To secrete bile into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins into small peptides and amino acids?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the hormone CCK on the gallbladder?

Contraction of the gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is NOT absorbed by secondary active transport in the small intestine?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apical membranes of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

To break down disaccharides into monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation on the pancreas?

Stimulation of pancreatic secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile salts in the small intestine?

To solubilize fat and its digestion products Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which water is absorbed from the small intestine?

Osmosis following the active absorption of solutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of fatty acids and monoglycerides after they are absorbed by epithelial cells in the small intestine?

They are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor in the absorption of vitamin B12?

To combine with vitamin B12 and facilitate its absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the migration of the myoelectrical complex (MMC) in the small intestine?

The movement of undigested material into the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To store and concentrate fecal matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the active absorption of Na+ in the large intestine?

The concentration of fecal matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the regulation of intestinal motility?

To coordinate intestinal motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder?

The blockage of the exit of the gallbladder or common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which chylomicrons and other fat-soluble nutrients enter the bloodstream?

They are transported through the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

Small Intestine Structure and Function

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

What is the function of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

What is the submucosa layer composed of?

What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

What is the nerve network located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis?

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive process?

What is the function of the villi and microvilli on the surface of the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

What stimulates salivary secretion?

What is the longest region of the GI tract?

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?

What is the function of the gallbladder?

What is the main function of the exocrine secretions of the small intestine, pancreas, and liver?

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

What is the result of the digestion of polysaccharides and proteins in the small intestine?

What is the effect of distension of the stomach on gastric contractions?

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

What is the function of the chief cells in the stomach?

What is the stimulus for the secretion of HCO 3 - by the pancreatic duct cells?

What is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter?

What is the function of the enzyme enterokinase?

What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

What is the result of the recirculation of bile salts during a meal?

What is the function of the antrum in the stomach?

What is the main function of the pancreatic enzyme carboxypeptidase?

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

How do fatty acids and monoglycerides cross the epithelial cells in the small intestine?

What is the role of bile salts in the small intestine?

What is the function of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC)?

What is the function of the enteric nervous system in the small intestine?

What is the role of the pancreas in the digestion of fat?

What is the function of the rectum?

What is the result of bacterial fermentation of undigested polysaccharides in the large intestine?

What is the primary function of the vomiting center in the brainstem?

What is the result of the precipitation of cholesterol or bile pigments in the gallbladder?

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

What is the role of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

What is the function of the submucosa layer?

What is the contribution of the GI tract to removal of waste products from the internal environment?

What is the main function of the muscularis mucosa?

What is the outermost layer of the GI tract wall?

What is the main function of the cephalic phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

What is the primary site of protein digestion in the digestive system?

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system in the digestive system?

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

What is the effect of distension of the stomach on the force of contractions?

What is the function of gastrin?

What is the primary function of the intestinal phase of gastrointestinal regulation?

What is the effect of distension of the small intestine on gastric contractions?

What is the function of receptive relaxation in the stomach?

What is the primary mechanism by which the small intestine increases its absorption area?

Which of the following substances is NOT secreted by the exocrine pancreas?

What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter?

What is the effect of the hormone secretin on the pancreas?

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive process?

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins into small peptides and amino acids?

What is the effect of the hormone CCK on the gallbladder?

Which of the following nutrients is NOT absorbed by secondary active transport in the small intestine?

What is the function of the apical membranes of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation on the pancreas?

What is the primary function of bile salts in the small intestine?

What is the mechanism by which water is absorbed from the small intestine?

What is the fate of fatty acids and monoglycerides after they are absorbed by epithelial cells in the small intestine?

What is the role of intrinsic factor in the absorption of vitamin B12?

What is the result of the migration of the myoelectrical complex (MMC) in the small intestine?

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

What is the effect of the active absorption of Na+ in the large intestine?

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the regulation of intestinal motility?

What is the result of the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder?

What is the mechanism by which chylomicrons and other fat-soluble nutrients enter the bloodstream?

More Quizzes Like This

Small Intestine Anatomy Quiz

Small Intestine Anatomy and Function

Digestive System: Small Intestine

Anatomy of the Small Intestine