Gray's Anatomy Chapter 64 - Small Intestine

Damage to what artery is most likely if a peptic ulcer erodes the posterior wall of the superior part of the duodenum?

Which anatomical structure is NOT located anterior to the descending part of the duodenum?

What is the clinical significance of the suspensory ligament of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)?

The horizontal part of the duodenum passes anterior to which of the following structures?

What is a common site for diverticula to occur in the small intestine?

What is the Kocher manoeuvre used to primarily expose?

What determines the location of the duodenojejunal junction?

What anatomical feature primarily characterizes the internal appearance of the descending part of the duodenum?

What supplies arterial blood to the ascending part of the duodenum?

What is the primary lymphatic drainage pathway from duodenum?

Which of the following accurately describes the venous drainage of the duodenum?

What alteration is seen in the small intestine following surgical resection and adaptation?

What are the features that are most suggestive of the diagnosis congenital ileal diverticulum?

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the duodenum?

In which anatomical structures does the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery travel?

There is a higher output with greater electrolyte loss in case of a proximal small intestine surgical intervention compared to distal small intestine, why is that the case?

How does the arterial arrangement for the small intestine impact outcomes from dilation or other vascular incidents?

There is smooth muscle throughout each villus; what is the implication of this anatomy?

What is the role of the M cells?

Stem cells in the intestinal glands are exposed to specific molecules; what happens if the intestinal glands are injured or destroyed?

Following the division of the peritoneum, you retract to the right what anatomical structure can you visualize?

What type of abdominal operation can benefit from reinnervation of the vessel for full function?

An individual is found to have 258 intestinal folicles in their lymphoid patches. You can recognize that that individual is likely

Which cellular structure connects ICCs with each other and nearby smooth cells for better electrical conduction signals?

What cellular structure has the highest number in individuals in the terminal ileum?

Where are the Brunner glands?

Of the following choices, what is unique with patients that retain a section of continuity containing the ileum, in comparison to patients that retain a segment limited to only a duodenojejunal. Why?

The internal anal sphincter has a different make-up, what is that?

What is one symptom experienced from an intestinal obstruction?

Duodenal bulb is a result of what?

How often does a typical Intestinal Epithelium get reproduced?

Pancreaticduodenectomy operation are exposed by

Where do vessels enter when reaching the intestinal wall? (select nearest to where they enter)

What type of disease is less commonly found in individuals with malrotation because of their potential?

What is the approximate length of the adult duodenum?

Which anatomical structure is covered by peritoneum only on its proximal anterior surface?

What structural characteristic differentiates the duodenal bulb from the rest of the duodenum's internal appearance?

Based on anatomical location, which part of the duodenum is at greatest risk of iatrogenic injury during surgical mobilization of the ascending colon and right colic flexure?

What anatomical relationship is present between the horizontal part of the duodenum and the superior mesenteric artery?

Which statement accurately describes the suspensory ligament of the duodenum?

What anatomical anomaly is implicated when the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta narrows enough to cause duodenal obstruction?

A surgeon performing a Kocher maneuver to expose the posterior aspect of the pancreatic head would most likely need to divide which of the following?

If a patient has their jejunum surgically brought to the surface of the abdomen, what is one distinctive characteristic that can result from this type of stoma?

What action would be most suitable following the Roux-en-Y procedure if they are continuing to suffer from duodenal reflux into the stomach?

During a surgical exploration, an omphalomesenteric artery is discovered still present; what additional finding is most commonly expected?

What is the approximate duodenal length requirement for qualifying to have Short Bowel Syndrome?

In a patient following surgical bowel resection, which intestinal configuration is most likely to result in a greater chance of regaining intestinal autonomy?

What histological changes are observed in the remaining small intestine as a result of the intestinal adaptation process after surgical resection?

Which anatomical structure descends posterior to the superior mesenteric vein?

Which of following findings are correlated with the diagnosis if Intestinal Failure?

In the context of arterial supply to the duodenum, what is the implication if there exists a common trunk from which the coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries arise?

What is the clinical significance of the fact that the human duodenum curves in both the anteroposterior direction and as a 'C' shape?

During a small bowel resection, what is the significance of the diameter size in the jejunum?

What is a unique finding to be aware of while operating involving the blood supply and the small intestine?

What anatomical feature is found in the inner intestinal wall that enables better structural support in the ileum compared to the jejunum?

How does the small intestine deal with the digestion of dietary fats across their membrane?

What property is not a characteric in the function of the small intestine?

What property is responsible for increasing the absorptive properties in the intestinal wall?

In terms of absorption, what is the implication if some has a proximal small intestine versus distal small intestine issue?

A patient cannot generate salt across in what situation?

What mechanism accounts for small intestinal motility in the period between meals?

What physiological change occurs in slow waves along the intestine?

A patient received an intestine transplant; what mechanism is important and required for that transplant to function?

What causes changes in MMC after sleep?

During a colon operation, you cut into the area and see a yellow color around; what should happen/what is that?

If a patient is unable to secrete bile acid, what step will not happen?

In the small intestine, where does MALT reside?

Which cells perform the most actions found in the small intestine?

Which protective measure do you keep in mind while working with the microvilli because of the actions for protection?

Following a MALT response and action, what takes place for defense?

What do Paneth cells help with when performing their purpose functionally?

If a patient is experiencing functional intestinal dysmotility due to a defect with the ICC, and can no longer generate the proper pacemaker, what needs to be looked into? ( select the best choice)

What is the approximate percentage of the circumference of the muscular wall of the ileum that the small intestine mesentery abuts?

Which portion of the duodenum lacks a peritoneal covering on its anterior surface?

What anatomical feature runs posterior to the horizontal part of the duodenum?

What is the functional implication of the duodenum curving in both anteroposterior direction and also as a C shape?

What is the result of losing the perivascular adipose tissue located in the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta?

In a surgical operation, what does the Kocher manoeuvre involve?

If the suspensory ligament of the duodenum is short and narrow, what is the expected trajectory of the ascending part of the duodenum?

Which of the following accurately describes the anatomical relationship of the gastroduodenal artery as it relates to the duodenum?

Which artery is at risk of erosion due to a penetrating peptic ulcer on the posterior wall of the duodenum?

Why is ischaemia of the duodenum a rare clinical finding?

Which statement accurately describes the arrangement of the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries?

What is the implication of there not being many connections between the terminal arterial branches close to the intestinal wall?

What are the steps of performing left medial visceral rotation?

During a transverse colon reflection approach, where might a surgeon expose the superior mesenteric artery?

What does the remnant of the omphalomesenteric artery give rise to?

If the ileum exhibits multiple tiers of vascular arcades, what is the functional implication?

What is the role of myoepithelial cells?

Where are the aggregated lymphoid nodules most heavily concentrated?

What occurs if there is damage to the Paneth cells?

What is the result of damage to the stem cells?

Which of the following is a key feature of ileal diverticulum?

In the small intestine, where do the majority of the immune cells reside?

Patients with ileal diverticulum pain are referred to the periumbilical region because

In the epithelium what is the mechanism for defense for cells to increase secretion against injury and what is its role?

Following small intestine anastomosis; what is unique with patients that retain a segment limited to only a duodenojejunal vs those that retain a portion with the ileum? What outcomes is more likely?

What factor is responsible for helping the jejunum provide a wide surface area?

What occurs in between meals in the small intestine?

After absorption, how do dietary fats get through the small intestine?

The small intestine spans from the stomach's pylorus to the ileocaecal junction, averaging a length of 5 meters in adults.

The duodenum extends from the stomach to the ileocaecal valve, marked by the ligament of Treitz.

The jejunum and ileum are fixed in the proximal abdomen, separate from the colon loops.

In an erect position, jejunum loops can descend anterior to the rectum.

The small intestine mesentery abuts about 50% of the muscular wall of the ileum.

The adult duodenum measures approximately 45 cm.

The duodenum is 'draped' over the prominence formed by the thoracic spine.

Only the distal 2.5 cm of the superior part of the duodenum is covered by peritoneum.

The lesser omentum is attached to its inferior border and the greater omentum to its superior border.

The internal appearance of the duodenal bulb readily constricts on insufflation during endoscopy.

The superior part of the duodenum transitions solely at the superior duodenal flexure.

The gastroduodenal artery lies immediately anterior to the posterior wall of the duodenum.

The descending part of the duodenum extends to the inferior border of the second lumbar vertebral.

Part of the head of the pancreas is frequently embedded in the lateral duodenal wall.

The bile and pancreatic duct enters the lateral wall.

The horizontal part ends at the inferior denal flexure and is approximately 10cm long.

The horizontal part is located anterior to the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta.

The ascending part runs superiorly and laterally to the level of the superior border of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The inferior mesenteric vein lies either posterior to the duodenojejunal flexure or at its inferior margin.

The duodenum is the least common site for a diverticulum in the small intestine.

Match the anatomical description with the corresponding part of the duodenum:

Match the digestive function with the corresponding intestinal structure:

Match the anatomical relation with the corresponding part of the duodenum:

Match the vessel with its tributary:

Match the vessel with its branch:

Match the cell type with its function in the intestinal wall:

Match the pathology with its common location:

Match the structural feature with its digestive function:

Match the surgical procedure and the relevant anatomical structure:

Match the clinical condition with its description: