Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main theory that explains how muscle fibers contract?
What is the main theory that explains how muscle fibers contract?
- Sliding Filament Theory (correct)
- Actin Theory
- Myosin Theory
- Z Line Theory
What does the sliding filament theory propose myosin filaments use to walk along actin filaments?
What does the sliding filament theory propose myosin filaments use to walk along actin filaments?
- Glucose
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
- ATP (correct)
What happens when all sarcomeres in a muscle fiber shorten?
What happens when all sarcomeres in a muscle fiber shorten?
- The muscle contracts (correct)
- The muscle relaxes
- The muscle expands
- The muscle tears
How does the strength of a muscular force relate to the number of fibers that contract?
How does the strength of a muscular force relate to the number of fibers that contract?
What triggers the mechanism of muscle contraction?
What triggers the mechanism of muscle contraction?
What reverses the chemical process in muscle fibers leading to muscle relaxation?
What reverses the chemical process in muscle fibers leading to muscle relaxation?
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
Which type of muscle tissue is found in organs like the stomach and intestines?
Which type of muscle tissue is found in organs like the stomach and intestines?
What is the function of cardiac muscle in the body?
What is the function of cardiac muscle in the body?
Which activity of muscles helps a person balance their physique?
Which activity of muscles helps a person balance their physique?
What is the function of smooth muscles in the stomach and intestines?
What is the function of smooth muscles in the stomach and intestines?
What is a common symptom of myopathy?
What is a common symptom of myopathy?
Which muscle type is responsible for pushing air from the lungs during breathing?
Which muscle type is responsible for pushing air from the lungs during breathing?
Which of the following is a potential cause of muscular dystrophy?
Which of the following is a potential cause of muscular dystrophy?
What distinguishes Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
What distinguishes Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
What is a common treatment approach for myopathy?
What is a common treatment approach for myopathy?
Which symptom is characteristic of both myopathy and muscular dystrophy?
Which symptom is characteristic of both myopathy and muscular dystrophy?
What type of disorder primarily affects boys and typically manifests in early childhood?
What type of disorder primarily affects boys and typically manifests in early childhood?
Which muscle helps to extend the spine and is key in posture?
Which muscle helps to extend the spine and is key in posture?
Which muscle is found in the front of the upper arm and helps control the motion of both the shoulder and elbow joints?
Which muscle is found in the front of the upper arm and helps control the motion of both the shoulder and elbow joints?
Which muscle group is known as the shoulder muscles and consists of anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid parts?
Which muscle group is known as the shoulder muscles and consists of anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid parts?
What muscle group is on the sides of the abdominals?
What muscle group is on the sides of the abdominals?
Which muscle is important in stabilizing the shoulder joint and allows straightening of the elbow joint?
Which muscle is important in stabilizing the shoulder joint and allows straightening of the elbow joint?
Which muscle is utilized in bending or curling the arm toward the body?
Which muscle is utilized in bending or curling the arm toward the body?
What is the main characteristic of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What is the main characteristic of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What are some potential causes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What are some potential causes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
How is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy treated?
How is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy treated?
What is one of the management strategies for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What is one of the management strategies for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What triggers Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
What triggers Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
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Study Notes
Sliding Filament Theory
- Myosin filaments use energy from ATP to "walk" along actin filaments with their cross bridges.
- This pulls actin filaments closer together, shortening the sarcomere.
- When all sarcomeres in a muscle fiber shorten, the fiber contracts.
Muscle Contraction Process
- A message travels from the nervous system to the muscular system, triggering chemical reactions.
- The chemical reactions lead to muscle fibers reorganizing themselves to shorten the muscle.
- When the nervous system signal is no longer present, the chemical process reverses, and the muscle fibers rearrange again, and the muscle relaxes.
Functions of the Muscular System
- Maintain Posture: Muscles help keep the human frame in the correct position.
- Movement: Muscles contract to result in various activities such as walking, eating, running, etc.
- Blood Circulation: Muscles in the heart ensure proper flow of blood to various portions of the body.
- Respiration: The diaphragm muscle relaxes, pushing air from the lungs.
- Digestion: Smooth muscles in the stomach and intestines ensure proper digestion.
- Regulation of Temperature: The muscular system is also accountable for maintaining stable body temperature.
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal muscles: voluntary muscles that we use to move our arms and legs.
- Smooth muscle: found in organs such as the stomach and intestines and is involuntary.
- Cardiac muscle: found in the heart and is also involuntary.
Functions of different types of muscles
- Skeletal muscles: move our arms and legs.
- Smooth muscle: pushes food through the digestive system.
- Cardiac muscle: pumps blood around the body.
Muscle Disorders
- Myopathy: a disease that affects the muscles that connect to your bones (skeletal muscles).
- Muscular dystrophy: an inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness and atrophy.
- Types of Muscular Dystrophy:
- Duchenne: affects boys, typically manifests in early childhood.
- Becker: similar to Duchenne, but typically has a later onset and milder progression.
Specific Muscles
- Erector spinae: a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.
- Biceps: found in the front of the upper arm, helps control the motion of both the shoulder and elbow joints.
- Triceps: muscles in the back of the upper arm, helps stabilize the shoulder joint and allow the elbow joint to be straightened.
- Deltoids: known as the shoulder muscles, used on all sides of body lifting motions.
- Obliques: the muscle group on the sides of the abdominals.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Broken Heart Syndrome)
- Temporary and reversible condition characterized by sudden and severe weakening of the heart muscle, often triggered by severe emotional or physical stress.
- Symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, chest pain or discomfort, palpitations, dizziness or fainting, and more.
- Causes: genetic factors, viral infections, alcohol abuse, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and more.
- Treatment: medications, lifestyle modifications, device therapy, surgical procedures, and regular monitoring and follow-up.
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