Sleep Studies: Deprivation and Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What effect does increased ghrelin have on appetite?

  • Increases metabolism
  • Stimulates hunger (correct)
  • Suppresses hunger
  • Regulates mood

    • What is one common consequence of long-term use of psychoactive drugs?

  • Enhanced cognitive abilities
  • Increased energy levels
  • Improved immune function
  • Development of tolerance (correct)

    • Which class of drugs is known to slow down the central nervous system?

  • Cannabis
  • Hallucinogens
  • Stimulants
  • Depressants (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of hallucinogens?

    <p>They alter sensory perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes cortisol?

    <p>It increases fat production in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically occurs during withdrawal from an addictive substance?

    <p>Physical and mental symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stimulant?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of increased cravings in drug users?

    <p>Continued use despite negative outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychoactive drug is associated with being a common legal substance?

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of addiction when considering drug use?

    <p>Physical alterations in brain chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance?

    <p>Deterioration of decision-making skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep disorder is characterized by spontaneous episodes of sleep?

    <p>Narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does artificial light affect circadian rhythms?

    <p>It interferes with the body's synchronization to the 24-hour cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of non-REM sleep?

    <p>Stage 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of REM sleep in a person's health?

    <p>It is critical for emotional and cognitive health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs in the body's temperature during a typical day?

    <p>Body temperature peaks in the afternoon and lowest at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about sleep is correct?

    <p>Everyone dreams every night, regardless of sleep quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes night terrors from nightmares?

    <p>Night terrors occur during deep sleep phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the circadian rhythm in younger adults compared to older adults?

    <p>Teenagers often have energy levels that increase throughout the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions involves a person's inability to maintain consistent sleep patterns?

    <p>Circadian rhythm disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes REM sleep in terms of brain activity?

    <p>The brain is in a hyperactive state, causing vivid dreams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sleep deprivation primarily affect cognitive performance?

    <p>It can lead to impaired memory and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep disorder involves a person's ability to breathe while sleeping?

    <p>Sleep Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of irregular circadian rhythms due to artificial light exposure?

    <p>Increased sleep disorders in individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the stages of sleep is correct?

    <p>REM sleep occurs multiple times throughout the night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is typically more active in the afternoon and evening due to their circadian rhythms?

    <p>Teens and young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which sleep disorder does an individual experience confusion and high levels of agitation upon waking?

    <p>Night Terrors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological mechanism that aligns bodily rhythms to a 24-hour cycle?

    <p>Circadian Rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between NREM sleep and REM sleep?

    <p>NREM sleep does not involve increased brain activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sleep have on consciousness?

    <p>Sleep alters consciousness without shutting it down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased cortisol have on the body?

    <p>Stimulates the body to create fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of addiction to psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Adaptation of brain chemistry leading to tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component primarily increases cravings in users of psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Physical withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychoactive drugs primarily alter which aspect of human functioning?

    <p>Perceptions and moods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological impact does tolerance have on an addict?

    <p>Leads to greater dependency and larger doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effects do hallucinogens have on sensory perception?

    <p>Changes the way one sees, hears, and feels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes withdrawal symptoms from addictive substances?

    <p>They vary significantly by substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding stimulants is correct?

    <p>They speed up the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common legal psychoactive drug is known for its stimulating properties?

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the general sleep pattern of teenagers and young adults?

    <p>Their performance improves throughout the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason why sleep is not considered a period of dormancy?

    <p>The brain remains active throughout sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect can increased cortisol have on the body?

    <p>Stimulates fat production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep disorder is characterized by the inability to breathe during sleep?

    <p>Sleep Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason users require larger doses of psychoactive drugs over time?

    <p>Development of tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exposure to artificial light primarily affect circadian rhythms?

    <p>It disrupts natural sleep-wake patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary consequence of cravings in drug users?

    <p>Continued drug use despite negative outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding REM sleep?

    <p>It is essential for cognitive functions and health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs primarily speeds up the central nervous system?

    <p>Stimulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stages of sleep is classified as NREM Stage 2?

    <p>Light sleep where relaxation begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do psychoactive drugs have on sensory perception?

    <p>They alter perceptions of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does chronic sleep deprivation have on cognitive performance?

    <p>It diminishes attention span and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect associated with long-term use of psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Increased withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes night terrors from nightmares?

    <p>Night terrors occur during NREM sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between cravings and withdrawal?

    <p>Withdrawal enhances cravings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of sleep is altered for most older adults compared to younger adults?

    <p>They tend to go to sleep earlier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct regarding body temperature and its relation to the sleep schedule?

    <p>Body temperature peaks in the afternoon and drops at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a depressant in the context of psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Slows down central nervous system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mental health challenge is most likely to arise from addiction to psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Psychological dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of psychoactive drugs on the body's immune system?

    <p>They suppress immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sleep Deprivation

    • Sleep is an altered state of consciousness, not a period of dormancy
    • Brain remains active during all stages of sleep
    • Everyone dreams every night
    • Sleep stages are: NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM 3, and REM
    • REM sleep is essential for overall health
    • REM sleep deprivation increases ghrelin (hunger hormone) and decreases leptin (hunger-suppressing hormone)
    • REM sleep deprivation increases cortisol, a stress hormone that promotes fat storage
    • REM sleep deprivation can suppress immune cells

    Sleep Disorders

    • Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep
    • Sleep Apnea: Repeated interruption of breathing during sleep
    • Night Terrors: Episodes of screaming, fear, and flailing during sleep, not nightmares
    • Sleep-walking: Walking or performing other activities during sleep
    • Narcolepsy: Sudden episodes of overwhelming sleepiness

    Circadian Rhythm

    • The biological clock that follows a 24-hour cycle
    • Body temperature, energy levels, and hormone production fluctuate based on this cycle
    • Most teens and young adults are evening-energized
    • Most older adults are morning-energized
    • Artificial light can disrupt natural circadian rhythm

    Psychoactive Drugs

    • Chemicals that alter perceptions and moods
    • Include both legal and illegal substances
    • Drugs like caffeine and nicotine are psychoactive

    Tolerance, Addiction, Withdrawal

    • Tolerance: The brain adapts to a drug and requires higher doses for the same effect
    • Addiction: Compulsive drug seeking and use despite negative consequences
    • Withdrawal: Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when drug use is stopped or reduced

    Drug Classification

    • Depressants: Slow down the central nervous system. Example: Alcohol
    • Hallucinogens: Distort senses and perception. Examples: LSD, ecstasy
    • Stimulants: Speed up the central nervous system. Examples: Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

    Sleep

    • Sleep is an altered state of consciousness.
    • The brain is still active during sleep.
    • Everyone dreams every night.

    Sleep Stages

    • NREM 1 (stage 1)
    • NREM 2 (Stage 2)
    • NREM 3 (Stage 3)
    • REM Sleep

    Circadian Rhythm

    • The body is roughly synchronized with the 24-hour cycle of day and night.
    • The body temperature increases throughout the day, dips in the afternoon, and is lowest at night.
    • Most teens and young adults are evening-energized.
    • Most older adults are morning people.
    • Artificial light from cell phones, lamps, and other devices can interfere with circadian rhythms.

    Sleep Deprivation

    • REM sleep is critical to health!
    • Increases ghrelin, a hunger arousing hormone, and decreases its hunger-suppressing partner leptin.
    • It also increases cortisol, a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat.
    • Can suppress immune cells that fight off viral infections and cancer.

    Sleep Disorders

    • Insomnia: Can’t sleep
    • Sleep Apnea: Stop breathing in your sleep
    • Night Terrors: NOT nightmares
    • Sleep-walking
    • Narcolepsy: Fall asleep spontaneously

    Psychoactive Drugs

    • Chemicals that change perceptions and moods.
    • Also includes legal substances like caffeine and nicotine.

    Tolerance, Addiction, Withdrawal

    • Tolerance: Users develop this as their brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug effect.
    • Addiction: To experience the same effect, users require larger and larger doses. Caused by ever-increasing doses of the drug.
    • Withdrawal: The physical and mental symptoms that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back the use of an addictive substance. Attempting to withdraw is often painful and extremely difficult.

    Classification of Drugs

    • Depressants: Slow down the function of the central nervous system.
      • Ex: Alcohol
    • Hallucinogens: Affects your senses and change the way you see, hear, taste, smell, and feel things.
      • Ex: LSD, ecstasy
    • Stimulants: Speed up the function of the central nervous system.
      • Ex: Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

    Sleep

    • Sleep is an altered state of consciousness, where your body is not dormant and your brain is still active
    • Everyone dreams every night
    • The biological clock that regulates your sleep and wake cycle is called the circadian rhythm
    • The circadian rhythm is synchronized with the 24-hour cycle of day and night, affecting body temperature, energy levels, and even hormone production throughout the day
    • Artificial light from devices like cell phones and lamps can interfere with your circadian rhythm
    • Sleep is divided into stages: Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) stages 1, 2, and 3, and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep

    Sleep Deprivation

    • Insufficient sleep can lead to a range of negative consequences, including increased hunger, stress, and weakened immune system
    • Sleep deprivation can increase the production of ghrelin, a hunger-arousing hormone, and decrease leptin, a hunger-suppressing hormone, leading to weight gain
    • Sleep plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy immune system; lack of sleep can suppress immune cells, making you susceptible to viral infections and cancer

    Sleep Disorders

    • Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
    • Sleep Apnea: Temporary pauses in breathing during sleep
    • Night Terrors: Episodes of screaming and fear during sleep (NOT nightmares)
    • Sleepwalking: Walking or performing other actions while asleep
    • Narcolepsy: Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

    Psychoactive Drugs

    • Psychoactive drugs are chemicals that alter perceptions and moods
    • They include both legal substances like caffeine and nicotine, and illegal drugs
    • Tolerance: The brain adapts to the drug's effect, requiring larger doses over time to achieve the same effect
    • Addiction: Continued drug use despite negative consequences due to cravings
    • Withdrawal: Physical and mental symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use, often painful and difficult

    Drug Classifications

    • Depressants: Slow down the function of the central nervous system; Example: Alcohol
    • Hallucinogens: Alter sensory perception, changing the way you see, hear, taste, smell, and feel; Example: LSD, ecstasy
    • Stimulants: Speed up the function of the central nervous system; Example: Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of sleep, including the importance of REM sleep and the impact of sleep deprivation on health. This quiz also delves into various sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, alongside the concept of circadian rhythms. Test your knowledge on how these factors affect overall well-being.

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