Sleep Disorders (Overview)
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Questions and Answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep?

  • Insomnia (correct)
  • Restless leg syndrome
  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleep apnea

What is a widely used approach for managing insomnia that helps individuals identify and modify negative thoughts and behaviors associated with sleep?

  • Natural remedies
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (correct)
  • Sleep hygiene practices
  • Medication

Which of the following is NOT a recommended medication for insomnia treatment?

  • Melatonin
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Tiagabine
  • Valerian (correct)

What type of sleep aids should not be used long-term due to potential side effects and the risk of tolerance?

<p>Over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sedatives are generally preferred for long-term use in the treatment of insomnia?

<p>Non-Benzodiazepine sedatives (non-BZDs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some recommended sleep hygiene practices to improve sleep quality?

<p>Reserving the bedroom for sleep-related activities only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural remedies may provide relief for insomnia, although their effectiveness varies?

<p>St. John's Wort and chamomile tea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For how long should Benzodiazepines (BZDs) be limited in the treatment of insomnia to avoid dependence?

<p>7-10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of non-drug treatments for insomnia?

<p>Behavioral and lifestyle changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep?

<p>Sleep apnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis?

<p>Narcolepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for narcolepsy?

<p>Stimulant medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication helps promote wakefulness in patients with narcolepsy?

<p>Modafinil (Provigil) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are potential side effects of Modafinil and Amodafinil?

<p>Headaches and dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CNS depressant used for narcolepsy that can cause dizziness and somnolence?

<p>Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the use of Sodium Oxybate?

<p>High sodium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep?

<p>Insomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are potential side effects of stimulant medications used for narcolepsy?

<p>Headaches and dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by involuntary leg movements and discomfort during sleep?

<p>Restless legs syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem)?

<p>CNS depressant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended sleep hygiene practice?

<p>Taking daytime naps after a poor night's sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help minimize anxiety related to falling asleep?

<p>Turning the clock face away (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT used for sleep onset difficulties?

<p>Doxepin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a melatonin agonist and may take weeks to have an effect?

<p>Tasimelteon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sleep disorder is characterized by a "creeping" sensation or an irresistible urge to move the lower legs?

<p>Restless Leg Syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of Restless Leg Syndrome?

<p>Dopamine imbalance in the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT commonly prescribed for Restless Leg Syndrome?

<p>Gabapentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for taking Ropinirole for Restless Leg Syndrome?

<p>1-3 hours before bedtime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can cause orthostasis and somnolence?

<p>Pramipexole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when using the Rotigotine patch for Restless Leg Syndrome?

<p>Applying the patch on the same site for more than 14 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some non-drug treatment options for managing insomnia?

<p>Non-drug treatments for insomnia primarily focus on behavioral and lifestyle changes such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and practicing good sleep hygiene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids be avoided long-term?

<p>OTC sleep aids should not be used long-term due to potential side effects and the risk of tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural remedies are not recommended for the treatment of insomnia?

<p>Natural remedies like St. John's Wort and chamomile tea are not recommended for insomnia treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of Modafinil and Amodafinil?

<p>headaches, dizziness, anxiety, agitation, risk of severe rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem)?

<p>CNS depressant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the use of Sodium Oxybate?

<p>high sodium levels, part of the REMS Program, classified as a 'date-rape' drug (GHB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential side effects of Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone?

<p>Some potential side effects of Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone include somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, and parasomnias (abnormal sleep movements). These drugs also have a black box warning for CNS depression, next-day impairment, respiratory depression, and potential abuse or dependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended medications for sleep maintenance difficulties?

<p>The recommended medications for sleep maintenance difficulties include Doxepin, Suvorexant, Eszopiclone, Temazepam, and Zolpidem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential side effects of Diphenhydramine and Doxylamine?

<p>Some potential side effects of Diphenhydramine and Doxylamine include sedation, tolerance after 10 days, and anti-cholinergic effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, blurry vision, and constipation. These medications should not be used in individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or glaucoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the commonly prescribed medications for Restless Leg Syndrome?

<p>The commonly prescribed medications for Restless Leg Syndrome include Pramipexole (Mirapex), Ropinirole (Requip), and Rotigotine (Neupro).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their associated potential side effects:

<p>Modafinil (Provigil) and Amodafinil (Nuvigil) = Headaches, dizziness, anxiety, agitation, and a risk of severe rash Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem) = Dizziness and somnolence Stimulant medications = Psychiatric hallucinations or abnormal dreams</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their primary usage:

<p>Modafinil (Provigil) and Amodafinil (Nuvigil) = Promoting wakefulness in narcolepsy Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem) = Treatment for narcolepsy and cataplexy Stimulant medications = Treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their associated sleep disorders:

<p>Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis = Narcolepsy Sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep throughout the day and struggle to sleep at night = Narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following non-drug treatments for insomnia with their descriptions:

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) = An approach that helps individuals identify and modify negative thoughts and behaviors associated with sleep Good sleep hygiene = Includes creating a sleep-conducive environment and maintaining a regular sleep schedule St. John's Wort and chamomile tea = Natural remedies that may provide relief, although their effectiveness varies Avoiding daytime naps = A practice that can help improve sleep quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their usage in insomnia treatment:

<p>Over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids = Should not be used long-term due to potential side effects and the risk of tolerance Non-Benzodiazepine sedatives (non-BZDs) = Generally preferred for long-term use Benzodiazepines (BZDs) = Should be limited to 7-10 days to avoid dependence Diphenhydramine, Melatonin, Tiagabine, Trazodone, and Valerian = Not recommended for insomnia treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of good sleep hygiene with their descriptions:

<p>Sleep-conducive environment = Keeping the bedroom dark, quiet, and comfortable Regular sleep schedule = Helps regulate the body's internal clock Avoid daytime naps = Can interfere with nighttime sleep Bedroom for sleep-related activities only = Helps associate the bedroom with sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their primary usage:

<p>Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone = First line drug treatments for insomnia Doxepin = Used for sleep maintenance Pramipexole, Ropinirole = Commonly prescribed for Restless Leg Syndrome Gabapentin = Used for Restless Leg Syndrome, dose reduction needed if CrCl is below 62</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their brand names:

<p>Zolpidem = Ambien, Zolpimist, Edluar SL, Intermezzo SL Zaleplon = Sonata Eszopiclone = Lunesta Suvorexant = Belsomra</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications to their associated side effects:

<p>Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone = Somnolence, Dizziness, Ataxia, Parasomnias Suvorexant = Somnolence, Dizziness, Headache, Abnormal dreams Ramelteon = Somnolence, Dizziness Diphenhydramine, Doxylamine = Dry mouth, Urinary retention, Blurry vision, Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications to their precautions:

<p>Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone = Black box warning for CNS depression, next-day impairment, respiratory depression, potential abuse or dependence Ramelteon = Should not be taken with fatty food Diphenhydramine, Doxylamine = Should not be used in individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or glaucoma Gabapentin = May require a reduced dose if the patient's creatinine clearance (CrCl) is below 62</p> Signup and view all the answers

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