Sleep Disorder Expert

41 Questions

Which category of sleep disorders is characterized by problems related to sleep quantity, quality, and timing?

b. Dyssomnias

What are some examples of disorders classified under Dyssomnias?

b. Narcolepsy and hypersomnolence disorder

What is OSA, an abbreviation mentioned under Breathing-related sleep disorders?

c. Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Which method is typically used to measure daytime sleepiness in individuals with sleep disorders?

By self-report methods

What is the purpose of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale?

To measure an individual's propensity for daytime sleepiness

How many different situations are included in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for rating daytime sleepiness?

Eight situations

What does a higher total score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale indicate?

Greater propensity for daytime sleep

What total score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale indicates excessive daytime sleepiness?

16-24

Which one of these is a key characteristic of narcolepsy?

Recurrent episodes of uncontrollable daytime sleepiness within the same day

Which of the following is a common symptom of narcolepsy?

Disturbed night-time sleep

What triggers sleep episodes in individuals with narcolepsy?

Strong emotions

According to diagnostic criteria, how frequently should narcoleptic sleep episodes occur within a week for a duration of three months or more?

At least three times a week

Which of the following is a key symptom that distinguishes Type 1 Narcolepsy from other sleep disorders?

Episodes of cataplexy

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Type 1 Narcolepsy?

Hypnogogic hallucinations and reduced REM latency

To confirm a diagnosis of Type 1 Narcolepsy, which test is typically required?

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

Which of the following is the estimated prevalence of narcolepsy in the general population?

d. Less than 1%

Is the prevalence of narcolepsy equal across males and females?

a. Yes, it affects both equally

Which factor is believed to have a significant role in the development of narcolepsy?

c. Genetic factors

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for narcolepsy?

Stimulant and/or wake-promoting medications

What is a recommended psychological/behavioral intervention to improve nighttime sleep in narcolepsy management?

Planning for daytime naps

Which intervention aims to help individuals with narcolepsy manage their emotional responses?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following is a common symptom experienced by individuals with Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

d. Excessive daytime sleepiness despite sleeping normal or greater than normal hours

What term is used to describe the unrefreshing nature of naps in individuals with Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

b. Sleep inertia

How does the presence of Sleep-Onset REM (SOREM) episodes in Idiopathic Hypersomnia compare to narcolepsy?

c. Fewer or no SOREM episodes

Which of the following is a characteristic of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

b. Recurrent partial or complete blockage of the upper airway during sleep

What can result from the blockage of the upper airway in OSA during sleep?

c. Interruptions in breathing or shallow breathing

How is reductions in blood oxygen levels (desaturation) typically recorded during the diagnosis of OSA?

c. Using a polysomnography test

Which of the following blood oxygen level ranges is considered mild OSA?

90-95%

What is the normal range for blood oxygen levels (oxygen saturation) in adults?

96-97%

Untreated OSA can be a causal factor for which health issues?

All of the above

Which one of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom that needs to be present in addition to polysomnography (PSG) evidence for the diagnosis of OSA?

Weight loss and low BMI

What is the diagnostic criteria for OSA based on polysomnography (PSG) evidence?

5 or more obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour

What is the alternative diagnostic criteria for OSA based on PSG evidence, regardless of daytime symptoms?

15 or more apnea/hypopnea events per hour of sleep

Approximately what percentage of the population is estimated to have OSA?

c. Around 20%

Which gender is more commonly affected by OSA?

c. More common in men

Which factor is associated with a higher risk of developing OSA?

c. High blood pressure

How does excess body weight relate to the prevalence of OSA?

c. OSA is more common in those who are overweight

Which of the following is the primary function of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine in the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

b. It delivers a continuous stream of air to open the airway during sleep

Which individuals with OSA is CPAP therapy often considered the primary treatment for?

c. Those with moderate to severe OSA

What is the goal of motivational interviewing in the management of OSA?

b. To understand the importance of using a CPAP for OSA treatment

What does "graduated exposure to work with CPAP difficulties" involve in OSA management?

Gradually increasing the use of CPAP

Study Notes

Dyssomnias

Characterized by problems related to sleep quantity, quality, and timing
Examples of disorders classified under Dyssomnias: Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Breathing-related sleep disorders

OSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Characterized by blockage of the upper airway during sleep
Can result in reductions in blood oxygen levels (desaturation)

Narcolepsy

Key characteristic: excessive daytime sleepiness
Common symptom: excessive daytime sleepiness
Triggers sleep episodes: cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness)
Diagnostic criteria: narcoleptic sleep episodes occur at least 3 times a week for 3 months or more
Key symptom: cataplexy
Characteristic feature: sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy)
Diagnostic test: Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)
Estimated prevalence in the general population: 0.02-0.18%
Prevalence: not equal across males and females
Factor believed to have a significant role in development: genetic predisposition
First-line treatment: modafinil
Recommended psychological/behavioral intervention: sleep hygiene practices
Intervention to manage emotional responses: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Idiopathic Hypersomnia

Common symptom: excessive daytime sleepiness
Term to describe unrefreshing naps: "unrefreshing hypersomnia"
Presence of Sleep-Onset REM (SOREM) episodes: less common than in narcolepsy

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Characteristic: blockage of the upper airway during sleep
Result of blockage: reductions in blood oxygen levels (desaturation)
Diagnostic criteria: 5 or more events per hour of sleep
Blood oxygen level range for mild OSA: 90-94%
Normal range for blood oxygen levels (oxygen saturation) in adults: 95-100%
Untreated OSA can be a causal factor for: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke
Not a common sign or symptom for OSA diagnosis: insomnia
Diagnostic criteria for OSA based on PSG evidence: 15 or more events per hour of sleep
Alternative diagnostic criteria for OSA based on PSG evidence: 5 or more events per hour of sleep regardless of daytime symptoms
Estimated percentage of population with OSA: 2-4%
More commonly affected gender: males
Factor associated with higher risk of developing OSA: excess body weight
Excess body weight relation to OSA prevalence: higher risk
Primary function of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine: maintains airway pressure to prevent blockage
Individuals with OSA that CPAP therapy is often considered primary treatment for: those with moderate to severe OSA
Goal of motivational interviewing in OSA management: improve CPAP adherence
"Graduated exposure to work with CPAP difficulties" in OSA management: gradually exposing patients to CPAP difficulties to build tolerance.

Test your knowledge on sleep disorders with this quiz! Learn about different categories of sleep disorders and their specific characteristics. Discover examples of disorders classified under Dyssomnias and expand your understanding of sleep-related issues. Challenge yourself and become a sleep disorder expert!

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