Slavery Issues 1820-1856
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Questions and Answers

What event in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War?

  • The Crittenden Compromise
  • The election of Abraham Lincoln
  • The formation of the Confederate States of America
  • The attack on Fort Sumter (correct)
  • Abraham Lincoln carried all states in the South during his election.

    False

    Which states first seceded from the Union, leading to the Civil War?

    South Carolina and six other states that formed the Confederate States of America

    Abraham Lincoln viewed secession as a rebellion that threatened the ______ of the Union.

    <p>survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following states with their perspective on secession:

    <p>Northern states = Supported the Union and rejected secession Southern states = Believed in states' rights and secession South Carolina = First state to secede from the Union Confederate States of America = Formed in opposition to the Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

    <p>It prohibited slavery north of the 36°30' line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Compromise of 1850 allowed Texas to enter the Union as a free state.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

    <p>To require the return of runaway slaves to their owners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The novel ________ by Harriet Beecher Stowe heightened abolitionist sentiment in the North.

    <p>Uncle Tom's Cabin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

    <p>It intensified the conflict known as 'Bleeding Kansas.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Republican Party was formed to support the expansion of slavery into new territories.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their effects:

    <p>Missouri Compromise = Established a line prohibiting slavery Fugitive Slave Act = Increased Underground Railroad activity Kansas-Nebraska Act = Led to violent conflicts in Kansas Dred Scott Case = Favored pro-slavery interpretations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What division within the Democratic Party contributed to the Republican victory in the 1860 presidential election?

    <p>The split between Northern Democrats supporting Stephen Douglas and Southern Democrats backing John C. Breckinridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 establish?

    <p>Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was welcomed by Northern abolitionists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

    <p>Bleeding Kansas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a __________ state.

    <p>free</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Republicans successfully capture northern voters in the 1860 presidential election?

    <p>Fractured Democratic votes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the events with their outcomes:

    <p>Missouri Compromise = Established a divide between slave and free states Fugitive Slave Act = Increased underground resistance in the North Compromise of 1850 = Admitted California as a free state Kansas-Nebraska Act = Led to violent conflict known as 'Bleeding Kansas'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a novel that defended the institution of slavery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What coalition did the formation of the Republican Party unite?

    <p>Northern Whigs, Free-Soilers, and abolitionists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Slavery Issue 1820-1850

    • Missouri Compromise (1820): Established Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and the 36°30' line prohibited slavery north of this latitude in the Louisiana Territory.
    • Nullification Crisis (1832-33): Disputes over states' rights, particularly South Carolina's opposition to federal tariffs, highlighted divisions about federal power versus state power, indirectly related to slavery.
    • Annexation of Texas (1845): Texas joined the Union as a slave state, intensifying conflicts over slavery's expansion.
    • Compromise of 1850: California entered as a free state; the Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened, demanding the return of runaway slaves; Utah and New Mexico utilized popular sovereignty to decide on slavery.
    • Slave Trade Abolished in Washington D.C. (1850): A symbolic gesture against slavery, while permitting the practice in Southern states.

    Sectional Division Widening 1850-1856

    • Fugitive Slave Act (1850): Increased resistance in the North, as abolitionists opposed returning escaped slaves; fueled the Underground Railroad.
    • Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852): Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel exposed harsh realities of slavery and strengthened abolitionist efforts.
    • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): Repealed the Missouri Compromise and introduced popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, leading to violent conflicts (Bleeding Kansas).
    • Formation of the Republican Party (1854): An anti-slavery coalition emerged, opposing slavery's extension to new territories, uniting northern Whigs, Free-Soilers, and abolitionists.
    • Dred Scott Case (1857, Context): Early court decisions favored pro-slavery interpretations of the Constitution, increasing sectional division.

    Republican Victory 1860 Election

    • Democratic Party Split: Northern and Southern Democrats supported different candidates, splitting the party's vote. Northern Democrats supported Stephen Douglas and popular sovereignty, while Southern Democrats backed John C. Breckinridge and a pro-slavery agenda.
    • Republican Platform: Opposing slavery's expansion, but not its elimination in existing states, appealed to northerners who favored free labor and infrastructure improvements.
    • Lincoln's Leadership: Lincoln's moderate stance appealed to diverse groups in the North and West, and he won all free states.
    • Sectional Divisions: Lincoln won all free states but was rejected in the South, demonstrating the growing rift between North and South -- he was not even included in some Southern ballots.

    Civil War Beginning (April 1861)

    • Secession Crisis: Following Lincoln's election, Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. South Carolina seceded in December 1860, followed by six other states by February 1861.
    • Compromise Failures: Attempts at compromise, such as the Crittenden Compromise, failed to bridge the gap; Republicans rejected proposals attempting to extend slavery.
    • Fort Sumter (April 1861): The decision to resupply Fort Sumter, a pivotal federal fort in Charleston Harbor, triggered a Confederate attack, initiating the Civil War.
    • Conflicting Views on Sovereignty: The South viewed secession as a legitimate assertion of states' rights, while the North, under Lincoln, saw it as a rebellion threatening the Union's survival.
    • Economic and Political Divide: Industrial North versus agrarian, slavery-dependent South exacerbated tensions; Southern fears of losing influence in federal politics pushed them toward war.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key events related to the slavery issue in the United States from 1820 to 1856. It covers significant legislations such as the Missouri Compromise, the Nullification Crisis, and the Compromise of 1850, illustrating how these events contributed to sectional divisions. Test your knowledge on how these historical moments shaped the future of slavery and state rights.

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