Podcast
Questions and Answers
How do you avoid the propeller(s) when approaching an aircraft?
How do you avoid the propeller(s) when approaching an aircraft?
Approach fixed-wing aircraft from the rear.
Who is responsible for seat belt use in the aircraft?
Who is responsible for seat belt use in the aircraft?
Pilot and jumper.
When must seat belts be fastened?
When must seat belts be fastened?
During movement on the surface (taxi), takeoff, and landing.
From whom do you take directions in the event of an aircraft problem?
From whom do you take directions in the event of an aircraft problem?
Why is it important to exit on 'Go!' (or 'Arch!')?
Why is it important to exit on 'Go!' (or 'Arch!')?
Where does the wind come from initially upon exit from the aircraft?
Where does the wind come from initially upon exit from the aircraft?
Why do skydivers first learn to fall stable face to earth?
Why do skydivers first learn to fall stable face to earth?
What does a canopy do immediately following a turn?
What does a canopy do immediately following a turn?
What are the landing priorities?
What are the landing priorities?
What is the purpose of the landing flare?
What is the purpose of the landing flare?
Describe the procedure for a hard landing.
Describe the procedure for a hard landing.
Who must directly supervise your student training jumps?
Who must directly supervise your student training jumps?
What is your most important task when in freefall?
What is your most important task when in freefall?
What are the maximum winds in which any student may jump?
What are the maximum winds in which any student may jump?
How would you clear a pilot chute hesitation?
How would you clear a pilot chute hesitation?
In the event of a canopy problem, students should decide to act about executing emergency procedures by what altitude?
In the event of a canopy problem, students should decide to act about executing emergency procedures by what altitude?
How would you address twisted lines during a jump?
How would you address twisted lines during a jump?
How would you address a slider that stops halfway down?
How would you address a slider that stops halfway down?
How would you address closed end cells?
How would you address closed end cells?
How would you address broken lines or other damage?
How would you address broken lines or other damage?
What is the appropriate action if below 1,000 feet without a landable parachute?
What is the appropriate action if below 1,000 feet without a landable parachute?
If the pilot chute goes over the front of the canopy after it has opened, how can you tell if it's a malfunction?
If the pilot chute goes over the front of the canopy after it has opened, how can you tell if it's a malfunction?
What is the correct response to an open container in freefall using a hand-deployed system?
What is the correct response to an open container in freefall using a hand-deployed system?
If part of the deployed parachute is caught on the jumper or the equipment, what is the correct response?
If part of the deployed parachute is caught on the jumper or the equipment, what is the correct response?
If the pilot chute extracts the deployment bag but fails to release the parachute canopy, what is the correct response?
If the pilot chute extracts the deployment bag but fails to release the parachute canopy, what is the correct response?
What are the compass headings of the runway nearest the DZ at your airport?
What are the compass headings of the runway nearest the DZ at your airport?
What compass directions do the runway heading numbers represent?
What compass directions do the runway heading numbers represent?
How long is the longest runway at your airport?
How long is the longest runway at your airport?
Describe the three legs of the canopy landing pattern with relation to the wind direction.
Describe the three legs of the canopy landing pattern with relation to the wind direction.
At what altitude over the ground do aircraft enter the traffic pattern at your airport?
At what altitude over the ground do aircraft enter the traffic pattern at your airport?
Why is it undesirable to land off the end of a runway?
Why is it undesirable to land off the end of a runway?
In flat and stable freefall, how long does it take an average jumper to fall 1,000 feet?
In flat and stable freefall, how long does it take an average jumper to fall 1,000 feet?
What is the correct procedure for recovering from instability to the belly-to-earth position?
What is the correct procedure for recovering from instability to the belly-to-earth position?
Which is better, to pull at the planned altitude or to fall lower to get stable before pulling?
Which is better, to pull at the planned altitude or to fall lower to get stable before pulling?
What is the purpose of the wave-off before deployment?
What is the purpose of the wave-off before deployment?
What is the purpose of the PLF and why is it important for skydivers?
What is the purpose of the PLF and why is it important for skydivers?
What part of the landing pattern is most dangerous to skydivers?
What part of the landing pattern is most dangerous to skydivers?
How do higher wind speeds affect the planned landing pattern?
How do higher wind speeds affect the planned landing pattern?
In moderately strong winds, how far downwind of an obstacle would you expect to find turbulence?
In moderately strong winds, how far downwind of an obstacle would you expect to find turbulence?
What is the best procedure to use when flying your canopy in turbulent conditions?
What is the best procedure to use when flying your canopy in turbulent conditions?
What weather conditions and wind directions are most likely to cause turbulence at your drop zone?
What weather conditions and wind directions are most likely to cause turbulence at your drop zone?
Why is it important to protect your parachute system operation handles when in and around the aircraft?
Why is it important to protect your parachute system operation handles when in and around the aircraft?
Describe the equipment pre-flight strategy to use before putting on your gear.
Describe the equipment pre-flight strategy to use before putting on your gear.
How does the three-ring main canopy release system disconnect the main parachute from the harness?
How does the three-ring main canopy release system disconnect the main parachute from the harness?
How do you know if a reserve parachute has been packed by an FAA rigger within the last 120 days?
How do you know if a reserve parachute has been packed by an FAA rigger within the last 120 days?
How do you know the reserve container has not been opened since the FAA rigger last closed it?
How do you know the reserve container has not been opened since the FAA rigger last closed it?
If the surface winds are blowing from west to east, which direction will you face to fly the downwind leg of the landing pattern?
If the surface winds are blowing from west to east, which direction will you face to fly the downwind leg of the landing pattern?
What is the wing loading of the parachute you will use on your next jump?
What is the wing loading of the parachute you will use on your next jump?
Which canopy size will exhibit quicker control response?
Which canopy size will exhibit quicker control response?
When is it OK to attempt a stand-up landing?
When is it OK to attempt a stand-up landing?
For planned deployment initiation at 3,000 feet, how long should an average-sized jumper fall after exiting at 5,000 feet?
For planned deployment initiation at 3,000 feet, how long should an average-sized jumper fall after exiting at 5,000 feet?
What is the most appropriate response to loss of heading control in freefall?
What is the most appropriate response to loss of heading control in freefall?
What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision when turning?
What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision when turning?
What is the quickest and safest way to change heading immediately after opening?
What is the quickest and safest way to change heading immediately after opening?
How would you steer a parachute that has a broken brake line?
How would you steer a parachute that has a broken brake line?
How would you prepare to land a canopy using the back risers to flare?
How would you prepare to land a canopy using the back risers to flare?
Describe your procedure for landing on a building.
Describe your procedure for landing on a building.
What is the purpose of the automatic activation device?
What is the purpose of the automatic activation device?
Describe the check of threes.
Describe the check of threes.
What must the spotter do to determine what is directly underneath the aircraft during a jump run?
What must the spotter do to determine what is directly underneath the aircraft during a jump run?
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud below 10,000 ft MSL?
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud below 10,000 ft MSL?
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud at 10,000 feet MSL and above?
How far horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud at 10,000 feet MSL and above?
What are the minimum visibility requirements below 10,000 MSL?
What are the minimum visibility requirements below 10,000 MSL?
What are the minimum visibility requirements at 10,000 feet and above?
What are the minimum visibility requirements at 10,000 feet and above?
Who is responsible for a jumper observing cloud clearance requirements?
Who is responsible for a jumper observing cloud clearance requirements?
According to the BSRs, what is the latest a student may jump?
According to the BSRs, what is the latest a student may jump?
Describe the technique for determining the point straight below the aircraft during jump run.
Describe the technique for determining the point straight below the aircraft during jump run.
What must the jumper look for below before exiting the aircraft?
What must the jumper look for below before exiting the aircraft?
What happens to a jumper's fall rate when performing rolls, loops, or other freeflying maneuvers?
What happens to a jumper's fall rate when performing rolls, loops, or other freeflying maneuvers?
What happens to a visual altimeter when it's in the jumper's burble?
What happens to a visual altimeter when it's in the jumper's burble?
What is the best way to recover from a stall to full glide?
What is the best way to recover from a stall to full glide?
Describe an aerodynamic stall as it applies to a ram-air canopy.
Describe an aerodynamic stall as it applies to a ram-air canopy.
When does a dynamic stall occur?
When does a dynamic stall occur?
What happens after a dynamic stall if the tail is held lower than the nose?
What happens after a dynamic stall if the tail is held lower than the nose?
What is the best way to determine a canopy's optimum flare speed and depth for landing?
What is the best way to determine a canopy's optimum flare speed and depth for landing?
Describe your procedure for landing in high winds.
Describe your procedure for landing in high winds.
How many A-lines does a nine-cell canopy have?
How many A-lines does a nine-cell canopy have?
To what part of the canopy do the steering lines connect?
To what part of the canopy do the steering lines connect?
What lines go through the rear slider grommets?
What lines go through the rear slider grommets?
Where does the main pilot chute bridle attach to the canopy?
Where does the main pilot chute bridle attach to the canopy?
Who may pack a main parachute?
Who may pack a main parachute?
How often do the main and reserve parachute need to be packed?
How often do the main and reserve parachute need to be packed?
Who is in command of the aircraft?
Who is in command of the aircraft?
Name 2 purposes for wearing seat belts in an aircraft.
Name 2 purposes for wearing seat belts in an aircraft.
Who is responsible that the aircraft is in condition for safe flight?
Who is responsible that the aircraft is in condition for safe flight?
Above what altitude MSL is the pilot of an unpressurized aircraft required to breathe supplemental oxygen?
Above what altitude MSL is the pilot of an unpressurized aircraft required to breathe supplemental oxygen?
Above what altitude MSL are all occupants of an unpressurized aircraft required to be provided with supplemental oxygen?
Above what altitude MSL are all occupants of an unpressurized aircraft required to be provided with supplemental oxygen?
In an aircraft with the exit door near the back, what must jumpers do to maintain the balance during exit procedures?
In an aircraft with the exit door near the back, what must jumpers do to maintain the balance during exit procedures?
What is the biggest danger to a jumper when flying the canopy pattern?
What is the biggest danger to a jumper when flying the canopy pattern?
What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision?
What is the best way to avoid a canopy collision?
How does the RSL work?
How does the RSL work?
What would happen if the main riser attached to the RSL breaks?
What would happen if the main riser attached to the RSL breaks?
What is the best way to prevent risers from breaking?
What is the best way to prevent risers from breaking?
Name one way to prevent a dual deployment.
Name one way to prevent a dual deployment.
What is generally the best action to take in a biplane scenario?
What is generally the best action to take in a biplane scenario?
What is generally the best action to take in a side-by-side scenario?
What is generally the best action to take in a side-by-side scenario?
What is generally the best action to take in a downplane scenario?
What is generally the best action to take in a downplane scenario?
What is the best way to change the direction of canopy flight while conserving altitude?
What is the best way to change the direction of canopy flight while conserving altitude?
What happens if a canopy is controlled too deeply in the brakes?
What happens if a canopy is controlled too deeply in the brakes?
Study Notes
Aircraft and Safety Procedures
- Approach fixed-wing aircraft from the rear to avoid propellers.
- The pilot and jumper share responsibility for seat belt use.
- Seat belts must be fastened during taxiing, takeoff, and landing.
- Directions in the event of an aircraft problem are provided by the instructor.
Jumping Protocols
- Exiting on "Go!" signals correct timing for jumpers.
- Wind initially comes from directly ahead when exiting the aircraft.
- Stable freefall face down is optimal for safe parachute deployment.
- After a turn, a canopy typically dives momentarily.
Landing Techniques
- Prioritize landing with wings level and in a straight line, avoiding obstacles, completing a flare, and executing a parachute landing fall (PLF).
- The landing flare converts forward speed into lift for a softer landing.
- Execute a PLF by keeping feet and knees together, hands in, and rolling upon landing.
Training and Supervision
- All student training jumps must be directly supervised by a USPA instructor rated for the discipline.
- Applications of altitude awareness during freefall are critical for recognizing pull altitude.
Wind and Emergency Procedures
- Maximum winds for student jumps: 10 mph for round canopies; 14 mph for ram-air reserves, with potential waivers.
- Canopy issues should prompt action at 2,500 feet.
- Clear a pilot chute hesitation by altering body position.
Canopy and Parachute Management
- Address twisted lines by spreading or kicking risers before releasing brakes to maintain altitude awareness.
- A slider that stops halfway can be fixed by pumping rear risers whilst monitoring altitude.
- Closed end cells can be managed by holding toggles or back risers while checking controllability before 2,500 feet.
- Cut away and deploy reserve in case of broken lines or damage.
Jump Environment and Navigation
- Visibility requirements: 3 miles below 10,000 ft MSL; 5 miles at 10,000 ft and above.
- Jumper must maintain a minimum distance of 2,000 feet from clouds below 10,000 ft and one mile at higher altitudes.
- Vertical and horizontal spacing is critical before jumping and when establishing landing patterns.
Freefall and Flight Dynamics
- Average fall time from 5,000 feet to 3,000 feet is about 15 seconds.
- A stable fall can be compromised by performing acrobatic maneuvers, which increase fall rates.
- The visual altimeter becomes unreliable in turbulent conditions.
Emergency Scenarios and Responses
- In the case of an open container in freefall, deploy the main pilot chute within two seconds before cutting away and using the reserve if unsuccessful.
- If turbulence is anticipated, approach downwind obstacles cautiously—expect turbulence within 10-20 times the obstacle height.
Equipment and Maintenance
- RSL connects between main riser and reserve ripcord; activating the reserve upon main canopy cutaway.
- Ensure parachute packs are completed every 120 days, with attention to packing seals for reserve containers.
- Regular inspection and appropriate maintenance of equipment prevent failure and enhance safety.
Canopy Flight and Landings
- High wind landings require advanced preparation, maintaining altitude awareness, and executing a proper PLF.
- During turns, visual awareness of surrounding jumpers is crucial to avoid collisions.
- Maintaining the canopy in a full flight straight line is essential during turbulent conditions to ensure control.
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Description
Explore essential safety protocols and techniques for skydiving, including aircraft approach, jumping protocols, and landing methods. This quiz covers vital information to ensure a safe and smooth skydiving experience, emphasizing the importance of training and supervision.