El pasto de labo que tiene reproductivo

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Questions and Answers

Explain what cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is. Indicate and describe morphologic features of cervical intraepithelial lesions.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous change in the cervical epithelium caused by persistent HPV infection. It comes in three grades, CIN (1-3) CIN I: With koilocytic atypia CIN II: Dysplasia extends to middle third of the epithelium CIN III: Diffuse atypia and loss of maturation (carcinoma in situ)

Explain pathogenesis mechanism of endometrial hyperplasia. Indicate and describe morphologic features of hyperplasia

It is caused by estrogenic stimulation of endometrium with a relative deficiency of progesterone: 1.Failure of ovulation 2.Prolonged administration of estrogenic steroids without counterbalancing progestin 3.Estrogen producing ovarian cysts or tumours 4.Obesity

Complications of endometrial hyperplasia: 1.Bleeding from uterus (metrorrhagia); 2.Anaemia; 3.Can progress to adenocarcinoma of uterus

Indicate and describe classification of testicular neoplasm

Derived from germ cells: Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma Derived from Sex cord-gonadal stroma: Interstitial cells tumor (leydig cells) and androblastoma (sertoli cells) both hormonally active

Indicate and describe morphologic features and complications of benign prostate gland hyperplasia

Common prostatic enlargement resulting from proliferation of stromal and glandular elements. Morphology: Prostate enlarged 60-100 gr, with well circumscribed nodules, classified into glandular, fibromuscular or mixed Complications: Compression of urethra, urocystitis, ascending pyelonephritis, urosepsis, renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Indicate what immunohistochemical reactions are applied in breast carcinoma diagnosis. Explain the clinical relevance of these immunohistochemical reactions.

Estrogen receptors, Progesterone receptors, HER2/neu receptors ER/PR: Predict response to hormonal therapy. HER2: Guides targeted therapy (e.g., trastuzumab). Signup and view all the answers

Explain pathogenesis mechanism of benign prostate hyperplasia

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mediates prostatic growth. It is synthesized in the prostate from circulating testosterone. DHT binds to nuclear androgen receptors, which regulate expression of genes supporting growth of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Indicate and describe morphologic features of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

It is associated with HPV and does not progress directly to invasive carcinoma. With koilocytic atypia, CIN I Signup and view all the answers

Indicate the most common neoplasms of uterus mucosa and muscular layers. Describe morphologic features of these tumors

Mucosa: benign endometrial polyps. Malignant: adenocarrcinoma, choriocarcinoma Myometrium: leiomyoma (benign), myosarcoma (malignant) Morphology: endometrial carcinoma: glandular growth, nuclear atypia, may invade myometrium myometrium: leiomyoma: well-circumscribed, whorled smooth muscle bundles, no atypia, leiomyosarcoma, atypia, high mitotic index, necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Precancerous change in cervical epithelium caused by persistent HPV infection, graded CIN 1-3 based on dysplasia severity.

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium without enough progesterone, potentially leading to bleeding and increased cancer risk.

Testicular Neoplasm Types

Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma (germ cells); Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors (sex cord-gonadal stroma).

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Prostate enlargement due to stromal and glandular cell proliferation, causing urethral compression and potential kidney issues.