Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant characteristic of a macule?
What is a significant characteristic of a macule?
Which skin lesion is characterized by the loss of both dermis and epidermis and heals with scarring?
Which skin lesion is characterized by the loss of both dermis and epidermis and heals with scarring?
What type of skin appendage are eccrine glands primarily involved in?
What type of skin appendage are eccrine glands primarily involved in?
Which of the following is true regarding necrobiosis lipoidica?
Which of the following is true regarding necrobiosis lipoidica?
Signup and view all the answers
In which area of the body are apocrine glands primarily found?
In which area of the body are apocrine glands primarily found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common feature of lichenification?
What is a common feature of lichenification?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skin condition is primarily characterized by a dilated opening of the pilosebaceous duct?
Which skin condition is primarily characterized by a dilated opening of the pilosebaceous duct?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes a fissure in terms of skin lesions?
What describes a fissure in terms of skin lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining feature of a pustule?
What is the defining feature of a pustule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Merkel Cells
- Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors responsible for light touch
- Eccrine glands regulate thermoregulation, mostly found in palms and soles
- Apocrine glands begin functioning at puberty, in axillary and inguinal regions, associated with the pilosebaceous apparatuses
- Sebaceous glands present throughout the body, excluding palms and soles
- Macule: flat discoloration less than 1 cm
- Patch: flat discoloration greater than 1 cm
- Papule: elevated solid lesion less than 1 cm, can merge into plaques
- Plaque: elevated solid lesion greater than 1 cm
- Nodule: elevated solid lesion with depth, a large nodule might be considered a tumor
- Vesicle: collection of free fluid less than 1 cm
- Bulla: collection of free fluid greater than 1 cm
- Pustule: collection of pus with free fluid
- Wheal: superficial, pale swelling, surrounded by erythema, lasting less than 24 hours, seen in urticaria
- Scale: excess dead epidermal cells due to abnormal keratinization and shedding
- Crust(scab): collection of dried serum and cellular debris
- Erosion: focal loss of epidermis, heals without scars
- Ulcer: focal loss of dermis and epidermis, heals with scars
- Fissure: linear loss of dermis and epidermis, sharp edges
- Scar: abnormal formation of connective tissue after injury or surgery, can be atrophic or hypertrophic
Diagnostic Skin Lesions
- Excoriation: linear erosion caused by scratching
- Comedone (blackhead): dilated opening of pilosebaceous duct, hypercornification
- Closed comedone: narrow opening
- Acne: milia, small keratin cysts without openings
- Cyst: circumscribed lesion with a lumen
- Petechiae: blood deposit less than 1 cm
- Purpura: blood deposit larger than 1 cm
- Burrow (tunnel): narrow, winding channel from parasites like Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies)
- Lichenification: thickened epidermis from scratching, accentuated skin lines
- Telangiectasia: dilated superficial blood vessels
Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
- Diabetes Mellitus
- 30% develop skin disorders
- Necrobiosis lipoidica
- Granuloma annulare
- Acrochordons
- Necrobiosis Lipoidica
- 75-1% of patients have or will develop DM
- Occurs on the anterior lower leg
- Oval, slow-expanding patch with red border, central atrophy/ulceration possible
- Small risk of squamous cell carcinoma
Granuloma Annulare
- 12% of patients with GA have DM, chronic relapsing GA
- Can be generalized or localized, affecting the hands and feet
- Skin-colored papules, undergoing central regression, forming rings
Dyslipoproteinemia and Xanthomas
- Lipid deposits in skin and tendons (xanthomas)
- Xanthelasma: most common form, eyelids
- Eruptive xanthoma: indication of hypertriglyceridemia; papules on buttocks and limbs
- Plane xanthomas: palmar creases
- Tuberous xanthomas: elbows, knees
- Tendinous xanthomas: tendons on elbows/knees, Achilles tendon, persistent
- Neurofibromatosis
- Skin, CNS, eyes, bones
- Hamarmatou tumors surrounding nerves
- NF-1: most common
- NF-2: bilateral acoustic neuroma + other tumors
- NF-5: segmental
NF-1 Criteria
- 7 criteria, satisfying 2 sufficient for diagnosis
- Café au lait macules
- Neurofibromas
- Axillary freckling
- Lisch nodules (melanocytic hamartomata)
- Optic glioma
- Osseous lesions
- 1st degree relative with NF-1
- High lifetime malignancy risk
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge about the various skin structures, including glands, lesions, and their functions. This quiz covers important concepts like Merkel cells, different types of skin lesions, and thermoregulation. Perfect for students studying dermatology or related fields.
