Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which layer of the skin is responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D?
- Subcutaneous layer
- Hypodermis
- Epidermis (correct)
- Dermis
What is the primary structure that gives skin its color?
What is the primary structure that gives skin its color?
- Sebaceous glands
- Collagen fibers
- Melanocytes (correct)
- Keratinocytes
What type of sweat gland helps regulate body temperature?
What type of sweat gland helps regulate body temperature?
- Eccrine glands (correct)
- Apocrine glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Ceruminous glands
Which of the following components is NOT part of the dermis?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the dermis?
What distinguishes connective tissue from epithelium in terms of cell arrangement?
What distinguishes connective tissue from epithelium in terms of cell arrangement?
Which pigment is primarily responsible for the skin's pinkish appearance?
Which pigment is primarily responsible for the skin's pinkish appearance?
What type of matrix is primarily found in epithelium as opposed to connective tissue?
What type of matrix is primarily found in epithelium as opposed to connective tissue?
Which characteristic is unique to connective tissue compared to epithelium?
Which characteristic is unique to connective tissue compared to epithelium?
How are superficial and deep fasciae primarily distinguished?
How are superficial and deep fasciae primarily distinguished?
What role does superficial fascia play in the body?
What role does superficial fascia play in the body?
What feature is distinctly absent in connective tissue compared to epithelium?
What feature is distinctly absent in connective tissue compared to epithelium?
Which term describes the rich fat composition of superficial fascia?
Which term describes the rich fat composition of superficial fascia?
In terms of function, which is NOT associated with deep fascia?
In terms of function, which is NOT associated with deep fascia?
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Study Notes
Skin Structure and Functions
- Epidermis:
- Horny Layer: Superficial, waterproof layer composed of keratin.
- Germinative Layer: Deeper layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
- Dermis:
- Papillary Layer: Superficial layer.
- Reticular Layer: Deeper layer.
- Contains:
- Fibers: Collagen and elastic fibers.
- Vessels: Blood vessels and lymphatics.
- Nerves: For skin sensation.
- Hair Roots: With erector pili muscles and sebaceous glands
- Sweat Glands: Coiled tubular glands that secrete sweat, helping to regulate body temperature.
- Skin Functions:
- Protection: Against microorganisms, trauma, and UV rays.
- Fluid Retention: Prevents dehydration.
- Temperature Regulation: Through sweat glands and superficial blood vessels.
- Vitamin D Synthesis:
- Sensation: Necessary for body protection.
Skin Appendages
- Hair:
- Primary (Lanugo): Initial hair growth.
- Permanent: Long-lasting hair.
- Nails:
- Developed from the epidermis.
- Composed of:
- Root: Embedded in skin.
- Body: Visible part.
- Free Border: Tip of the nail.
- Sebaceous Glands:
- Fatty glands that open into hair follicles.
- Sweat Glands:
- Coiled glands that open onto the surface of the epidermis.
Skin Pigments
- Melanin:
- Brown-black pigment.
- Present in melanocytes at the dermo-epidermal junction.
- Melanocytes synthesize and store melanin, contributing to skin color.
- Carotene:
- Yellowish pigment.
- Present in cells of the epidermis.
- Hemoglobin:
- Pinkish pigment.
- Oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells.
- Oxygenated blood flowing through dermal vessels gives the skin a pinkish appearance.
Epithelium vs. Connective Tissue
| Feature | Epithelium | Connective Tissue |
|---|---|---|
| Development | From 3 germ layers | From mesoderm |
| Cells | Closely packed | Widely separated |
| Matrix | Minimal | Abundant |
| Free surface | Usually present | No free surface |
| Basement membrane | Present | Absent |
| Vascularity | Avascular | Highly vascular (except hyaline cartilage) |
| Classification | - Covering or lining | - Connective tissue proper (general) |
| - Glandular | - Specific connective tissue (bone, cartilage, blood) | |
| - Neuroepithelium | ||
| - Myoepithelium | ||
| Example | Epidermis of skin | Dermis of skin |
Superficial vs. Deep Fascia
| Feature | Superficial Fascia | Deep Fascia |
|---|---|---|
| Site | Deep to skin | Around muscles, glands and vessels. |
| Nature | Loose areolar CT rich with fat, varying by age, sex and nutrition. Dense in scalp, thin in dorsum of hand. May be composed of 2 layers. | Dense CT rich with collagenous fibers. Variable forms based on site and function. |
| Functions | - Heat insulator. | - Sheaths around muscles. |
| - Fat reservoir. | - Intermuscular septa for muscle separation and attachment. | |
| - Medium for vessels and nerves. | Formaion of interosseous membrane. | |
| - Easy skin movements. | Formation of retinacula. | |
| - Contains glands or muscles. | Formation of aponeurosis. | |
| - Soft pads in various body parts. | Formation of pulley around tendon. | |
| Formation of check ligaments. | ||
| Sheaths around glands and blood vessels. | ||
| Formation of ligaments. |
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