Questions and Answers
The stratum ____________ is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane.
basale
The stratum ____________ is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules.
granulosum
The stratum ____________ is composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. This layer also contains dendritic cells.
spinosum
The stratum ____________ is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles.
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The stratum ____________ is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells.
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for thick skin?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the epidermis?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the papillary layer of dermis?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the reticular layer of dermis?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the stratum corneum?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the stratum granulosum?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for the stratum basale?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for sebaceous glands?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for ducts of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?
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What structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line for apocrine sweat glands?
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____________ is composed mainly of type I collagen that forms thick, parallel bundles.
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____________ is composed of a network of branching elastic fibers.
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____________ is composed primarily of type II collagen that does not form thick bundles.
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____________ epithelium can function in diffusion, filtration, secretion, and protection based on location.
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____________ epithelium can function in absorption, secretion, and protection.
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____________ epithelium functions in protection of underlying layers.
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____________ epithelium functions in movement of a secretion (like mucus) across the apical surface of the tissue.
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____________ accommodates distension and relaxation with changes in organ volume.
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True or False: The cell at the tip of the pointer is a goblet cell and produces chemicals that cause allergy symptoms.
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This cartilage can be found in the ___________.
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Study Notes
Skin and Epidermal Layers
- Thick skin has a higher number of layers and is found in areas such as palms and soles of feet.
- Thin skin covers most of the body, with fewer layers than thick skin.
- Epidermis organizes into layers:
- Stratum basale: Single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells.
- Stratum granulosum: 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes with keratohyalin granules.
- Stratum spinosum: Many layers of keratinocytes, contains dendritic cells.
- Stratum lucidum: Translucent layer, 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei.
- Stratum corneum: Outer layer, up to 30 layers of dead, cornified cells.
Dermis Structure
- Papillary layer consists of loose connective tissue, containing capillaries and sensory neurons.
- Reticular layer forms the bulk of the dermis, made up of dense irregular connective tissue.
- Subcutaneous or hypodermis acts as insulation and a cushion for underlying structures.
Glandular Structures
- Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands important for thermoregulation, releasing sweat.
- Apocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles and become active at puberty.
- Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum, keeping skin hydrated.
Connective Tissue Types
- Fibrocartilage consists mainly of type I collagen arranged in thick, parallel bundles, providing support.
- Elastic cartilage contains a network of branching elastic fibers, allowing flexibility.
- Hyaline cartilage is made primarily of type II collagen in a gel-like matrix, offering smooth surfaces for joint movement.
Epithelial Tissue Types
- Simple squamous epithelium functions in diffusion, filtration, and secretion; found in places like alveoli.
- Simple cuboidal epithelium aids in absorption and secretion, commonly found in glandular tissues.
- Stratified squamous epithelium provides protection against abrasion and is found in areas exposed to friction.
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium helps move secretions like mucus; commonly ciliated and found in respiratory airways.
- Transitional epithelium accommodates changes in volume, as seen in the bladder.
Bone Structure and Classification
- Long bones consist of a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends); they contain marrow and various bone types.
- Various bone cells, including osteoblasts (bone-forming), osteoclasts (bone-resorbing), and osteocytes (mature bone cells), play distinct roles in maintenance and remodeling of bone.
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Description
Explore the fascinating details of skin anatomy, including the layers of the epidermis and the structure of the dermis. This quiz covers the characteristics and functions of thick and thin skin, as well as glandular structures. Test your knowledge on the organization and components of human skin!
