Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which nerve ending is primarily responsible for detecting light touch and vibrations?
Which nerve ending is primarily responsible for detecting light touch and vibrations?
Free nerve endings are found only in the epidermis and do not detect any temperature changes.
Free nerve endings are found only in the epidermis and do not detect any temperature changes.
False
What type of sensory receptors are Ruffini endings sensitive to?
What type of sensory receptors are Ruffini endings sensitive to?
Skin stretch
Meissner's corpuscles are located in the ______ skin.
Meissner's corpuscles are located in the ______ skin.
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Match the following sensory receptors with their functions:
Match the following sensory receptors with their functions:
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Which type of sensory receptor is primarily found in the dermal papillae of glabrous skin and aids in tactile discrimination?
Which type of sensory receptor is primarily found in the dermal papillae of glabrous skin and aids in tactile discrimination?
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Merkel cells are responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations.
Merkel cells are responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations.
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What is the function of Ruffini endings?
What is the function of Ruffini endings?
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Pacinian corpuscles are located deep in the ______ and hypodermis.
Pacinian corpuscles are located deep in the ______ and hypodermis.
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Match the sensory receptors with their primary function:
Match the sensory receptors with their primary function:
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Which neurotransmitter is atypically released by postganglionic sympathetic fibers in sudomotor function?
Which neurotransmitter is atypically released by postganglionic sympathetic fibers in sudomotor function?
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Pilomotor function involves the vasodilation of blood vessels.
Pilomotor function involves the vasodilation of blood vessels.
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What is the primary function of vasomotor innervation?
What is the primary function of vasomotor innervation?
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Sweat production is controlled by the __________ function.
Sweat production is controlled by the __________ function.
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Match the autonomic functions with their targets:
Match the autonomic functions with their targets:
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Which condition is characterized by excessive sweating due to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system?
Which condition is characterized by excessive sweating due to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system?
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Peripheral neuropathy can decrease the risk of injuries and ulcers in diabetic patients.
Peripheral neuropathy can decrease the risk of injuries and ulcers in diabetic patients.
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What management techniques are often used for Raynaud's phenomenon?
What management techniques are often used for Raynaud's phenomenon?
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Peripheral neuropathy can alter sensation, causing __________ in affected skin areas.
Peripheral neuropathy can alter sensation, causing __________ in affected skin areas.
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Match the following conditions with their primary symptoms:
Match the following conditions with their primary symptoms:
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Study Notes
Free Nerve Endings
- Located throughout the skin, particularly in the epidermis and surrounding hair follicles
- Detect changes in temperature and pain
- Respond to hair displacement
Merkel Cells
- Found in the basal layer of the epidermis and near hair follicles
- Responsible for perceiving light touch and pressure, enabling discrimination of form and texture
Meissner's Corpuscles
- Located in the dermal papillae of hairless skin (glabrous skin), like fingertips and lips
- Detect light touch and vibrations, aiding in tactile discrimination (identifying details and shapes)
Pacinian Corpuscles
- Located deep within the dermis and hypodermis
- Respond to deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations
Ruffini Endings
- Present in both hairless and hairy skin
- Sensitive to skin stretch, providing information on sustained pressure and skin deformation
Free Nerve Endings
- Found throughout skin, especially the epidermis and around hair follicles
- Detect changes in temperature and pain
- Respond to displacement of hair
Merkel Cells
- Located in the basal layer of the epidermis and around hair follicles
- Detect light touch and pressure, contributing to form and texture identification
Meissner's Corpuscles
- Found in dermal papillae of glabrous (hairless) skin, such as fingertips and lips
- Detect light touch and vibrations, allowing for tactile discrimination (identifying details and shapes)
Pacinian Corpuscles
- Located deep in the dermis and hypodermis
- Respond to deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations
Ruffini Endings
- Present in both glabrous and hairy skin
- Sensitive to skin stretch, providing information about sustained pressure and skin deformation
Sudomotor Function
- Sweat glands are innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, which is unusual for sympathetic fibers
- Controls sweat production, which is crucial for thermoregulation and cooling
Vasomotor Function
- Postganglionic sympathetic fibers innervate smooth muscles in blood vessels
- Regulates blood flow through vasoconstriction and vasodilation
- Essential for maintaining body temperature by balancing heat loss
Pilomotor Function
- Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles are innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- Triggers hair standing on end, known as goosebumps, in response to cold or emotional stimuli
- This is a vestigial response aimed at trapping heat and creating an insulating air layer
Peripheral Neuropathy
- Caused by nerve damage, frequently due to diabetes.
- Symptoms include altered sensation, numbness, tingling, or pain in affected skin areas.
- Increased risk of injuries and ulcers in patients with diabetes due to reduced sensation.
Hyperhidrosis
- Excessive sweating caused by overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Can negatively affect daily life and increase the susceptibility of skin to irritation and infections.
- Treatment options include antiperspirants, medication, and sympathectomy in extreme cases.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
- Caused by vasospasm resulting from excessive sympathetic stimulation, leading to reduced blood flow.
- Characterized by episodes of white or blue discoloration in fingers and toes due to restricted circulation.
- Triggered by cold or stress.
- Management involves warming techniques, vasodilating medications, and lifestyle adjustments to minimize episodes.
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