Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following cutaneous receptors is primarily responsible for sensing fine touch and texture?
Which of the following cutaneous receptors is primarily responsible for sensing fine touch and texture?
- Pacinian Corpuscle
- Langerhans cell
- Merkel Cell and discs (correct)
- Free nerve endings
What is the crucial distinction between adult stem cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells regarding their differentiation potential?
What is the crucial distinction between adult stem cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells regarding their differentiation potential?
- Adult stem cells are more readily available and easier to harvest than ES cells.
- Adult stem cells are multipotent, restricting their differentiation to specific cell types, while ES cells are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into any cell type in the body. (correct)
- Adult stem cells are pluripotent, whereas ES cells are multipotent.
- Adult stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst whereas ES cells are derived from adult tissues
In the context of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), what is the primary purpose of oocyte enucleation?
In the context of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), what is the primary purpose of oocyte enucleation?
- To create a diploid cell, necessary for embryonic development
- To remove the oocyte's own DNA, ensuring that the resulting embryo's genetic material is derived solely from the somatic cell nucleus. (correct)
- To introduce the somatic cell nucleus into a differentiated cell.
- To stimulate the oocyte to begin dividing, initiating the development of an embryo
The EDA gene encodes a secreted ligand crucial for ectodermal development. What phenotype would most likely result from a loss-of-function mutation in the EDA gene?
The EDA gene encodes a secreted ligand crucial for ectodermal development. What phenotype would most likely result from a loss-of-function mutation in the EDA gene?
How does overexpression of DKK affect hair follicle development through the Wnt pathway?
How does overexpression of DKK affect hair follicle development through the Wnt pathway?
Flashcards
Langerhans Cells
Langerhans Cells
Immune cells in the epidermis that capture and process antigens.
Meissner's Corpuscles
Meissner's Corpuscles
Touch receptors in dermal papillae, sensitive to light touch.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Pacinian Corpuscles
Deep pressure and vibration receptors in the dermis.
Merkel Cells
Merkel Cells
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Stem Cells
Stem Cells
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Study Notes
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Langerhans cells are immune cells found in the epidermis.
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Meissner's corpuscles are touch receptors in the dermal papillae, sensitive to light touch.
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Pacinian corpuscles are pressure receptors located deep in the dermis, sensitive to vibration and pressure.
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Merkel cells are touch receptors in the basal epidermis, associated with Merkel discs, and detect sustained touch.
Stem Cells
- Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types.
- Important stem cell features are self-renewal and potency
Adult vs. Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells
- Adult stem cells are tissue-specific, with limited differentiation potential.
- Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, with broad differentiation potential.
Multipotent vs. Pluripotent
- Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a specific lineage.
- Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type of the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cloning
- Reproductive cloning involves creating a genetically identical copy of an entire organism.
- Therapeutic cloning aims to generate patient-specific cells or tissues for medical treatment.
SCNT: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
- SCNT involves transferring the nucleus from a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte.
- Oocyte enucleation is the removal of the oocyte's nucleus to create a recipient cell for the transferred somatic cell nucleus.
- SCNT is also called "therapeutic cloning" when used to create patient-specific stem cells.
iPSCs: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- iPSCs are generated by introducing specific genes into somatic cells, reprogramming them into a pluripotent state.
P63
- P63 is a transcription factor crucial for epidermal development and stem cell maintenance.
Jagged Notch and the Notch Pathway
- Jagged is a ligand that activates the Notch signaling pathway.
- The Notch pathway is essential for cell fate determination and tissue development.
Protease
- Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, involved in tissue remodeling and cell signaling.
Placode and Dermal Papilla
- A placode is a thickened area of ectoderm that gives rise to specific structures, such as hair follicles.
- Dermal papillae are projections of the dermis into the epidermis, providing nutrients and signaling molecules.
EDA Gene
- The EDA gene encodes a secreted ligand crucial for ectodermal appendage development.
- Loss of EDA function results in impaired development of hair, teeth, and sweat glands.
Wnt Pathway
- Wnt is a signaling molecule that activates the Wnt pathway.
- Beta-catenin is a key component of the Wnt pathway, regulating gene expression.
- DKK inhibits the Wnt pathway, affecting hair follicle development.
- Overexpression of beta-catenin promotes hair follicle development.
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