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Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of cutaneous reactions to abnormal cold exposure?
What is a common characteristic of cutaneous reactions to abnormal cold exposure?
Which factor is essential for developing a cutaneous reaction to cold?
Which factor is essential for developing a cutaneous reaction to cold?
Who is most likely to experience cutaneous reactions to cold?
Who is most likely to experience cutaneous reactions to cold?
What conclusion can be drawn about cutaneous reactions to cold exposure?
What conclusion can be drawn about cutaneous reactions to cold exposure?
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What distinguishes normal skin responses from cutaneous reactions to excessive cold?
What distinguishes normal skin responses from cutaneous reactions to excessive cold?
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Which wavelength range is primarily responsible for causing sunburn?
Which wavelength range is primarily responsible for causing sunburn?
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What is a common cause of miliaria?
What is a common cause of miliaria?
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What is a potential consequence of UV exposure aside from immediate pigment darkening?
What is a potential consequence of UV exposure aside from immediate pigment darkening?
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What treatments may improve the appearance of abnormally pigmented skin?
What treatments may improve the appearance of abnormally pigmented skin?
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Immediate pigment darkening is primarily associated with which type of UV radiation?
Immediate pigment darkening is primarily associated with which type of UV radiation?
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What is the primary characteristic of erythema ab igne?
What is the primary characteristic of erythema ab igne?
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Which reaction is NOT typically caused by UVB radiation?
Which reaction is NOT typically caused by UVB radiation?
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What is the wavelength range of UVC radiation?
What is the wavelength range of UVC radiation?
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Which statement regarding abnormally pigmented skin is correct?
Which statement regarding abnormally pigmented skin is correct?
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What is the expected outcome of treating sweat gland blockage?
What is the expected outcome of treating sweat gland blockage?
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What is immediate pigment darkening and when does it occur?
What is immediate pigment darkening and when does it occur?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer mentioned?
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Which skin condition is characterized as a precursor to skin cancer?
Which skin condition is characterized as a precursor to skin cancer?
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What is a common characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?
What is a common characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?
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Which type of skin cancer is considered the least common but most deadly?
Which type of skin cancer is considered the least common but most deadly?
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What is the primary reason for performing a skin biopsy in the presence of a persistent sore or growing lump?
What is the primary reason for performing a skin biopsy in the presence of a persistent sore or growing lump?
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What characteristics of a sore or lump may indicate the need for a skin biopsy?
What characteristics of a sore or lump may indicate the need for a skin biopsy?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential sign of squamous cell carcinomas?
Which of the following is NOT a potential sign of squamous cell carcinomas?
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Which type of cancer is specifically mentioned in relation to persistent sores and lumps?
Which type of cancer is specifically mentioned in relation to persistent sores and lumps?
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What action should be taken if a patient has a growing lump within a rash?
What action should be taken if a patient has a growing lump within a rash?
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What triggers the painful inflammatory lesions known as chilblains?
What triggers the painful inflammatory lesions known as chilblains?
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In which age group are chilblains most commonly observed?
In which age group are chilblains most commonly observed?
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What is a common characteristic of frostbite?
What is a common characteristic of frostbite?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of the lesions caused by perniosis?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the lesions caused by perniosis?
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What physiological response characterizes the condition of perniosis?
What physiological response characterizes the condition of perniosis?
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Which of the following describes a potential cause of frostbite?
Which of the following describes a potential cause of frostbite?
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What are examples of conditions related to frostbite?
What are examples of conditions related to frostbite?
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What is the primary cause of chilblains?
What is the primary cause of chilblains?
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What is the primary aspect that differentiates those who experience frostbite?
What is the primary aspect that differentiates those who experience frostbite?
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Frostbite predominantly occurs in which of the following groups?
Frostbite predominantly occurs in which of the following groups?
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Which skin condition is associated with UVB exposure and has premalignant potential?
Which skin condition is associated with UVB exposure and has premalignant potential?
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What distinguishes senile comedones from other skin conditions?
What distinguishes senile comedones from other skin conditions?
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Which skin condition is primarily related to UV exposure and typically manifests as red, spider-like veins?
Which skin condition is primarily related to UV exposure and typically manifests as red, spider-like veins?
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What is the primary cause of miliaria profunda?
What is the primary cause of miliaria profunda?
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What is a common characteristic of the papules associated with miliaria profunda?
What is a common characteristic of the papules associated with miliaria profunda?
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What is a key factor in the formation of solar elastosis?
What is a key factor in the formation of solar elastosis?
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What is the recommended treatment for miliaria profunda?
What is the recommended treatment for miliaria profunda?
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Which condition is NOT classified as a result of UVB exposure?
Which condition is NOT classified as a result of UVB exposure?
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After experiencing repeated episodes of miliaria rubra, what complication may arise?
After experiencing repeated episodes of miliaria rubra, what complication may arise?
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What distinguishes miliaria profunda from other forms of miliaria?
What distinguishes miliaria profunda from other forms of miliaria?
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What distinguishes phototoxic reactions from photoallergic reactions?
What distinguishes phototoxic reactions from photoallergic reactions?
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Which of the following agents is NOT commonly associated with photosensitivity reactions?
Which of the following agents is NOT commonly associated with photosensitivity reactions?
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Which feature is characteristic of photoallergic reactions compared to phototoxic reactions?
Which feature is characteristic of photoallergic reactions compared to phototoxic reactions?
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What type of immune response is associated with photoallergic reactions?
What type of immune response is associated with photoallergic reactions?
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How does the amount of agent required for phototoxic reactions compare to photoallergic reactions?
How does the amount of agent required for phototoxic reactions compare to photoallergic reactions?
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diseases aggrevated by sunlight
diseases aggrevated by sunlight
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Which of the following is a metabolic disease associated with abnormal reactions to sun exposure?
Which of the following is a metabolic disease associated with abnormal reactions to sun exposure?
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Solar urticaria is an example of a drug-induced photodermatosis.
Solar urticaria is an example of a drug-induced photodermatosis.
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Name one disease that is aggravated by sunlight.
Name one disease that is aggravated by sunlight.
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______ is a type of idiopathic photodermatosis characterized by an allergic response to sunlight.
______ is a type of idiopathic photodermatosis characterized by an allergic response to sunlight.
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Match the following conditions with their categories:
Match the following conditions with their categories:
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What systemic treatment may be indicated for severe cases of perniosis?
What systemic treatment may be indicated for severe cases of perniosis?
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Which treatment is specifically aimed at improving skin texture in erythema ab igne?
Which treatment is specifically aimed at improving skin texture in erythema ab igne?
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What is the primary cause of miliaria (heat rash)?
What is the primary cause of miliaria (heat rash)?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the immediate care for phototoxic reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the immediate care for phototoxic reactions?
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In photoallergic reactions, which of the following treatments is aimed at controlling inflammation and itching?
In photoallergic reactions, which of the following treatments is aimed at controlling inflammation and itching?
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What preventive measure is emphasized for patients prone to erythema ab igne?
What preventive measure is emphasized for patients prone to erythema ab igne?
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What is the typical appearance of skin affected by erythema ab igne?
What is the typical appearance of skin affected by erythema ab igne?
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Which of the following statements about the treatment of perniosis is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the treatment of perniosis is accurate?
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What are some systemic symptoms that may accompany severe cases of polymorphic light eruption?
What are some systemic symptoms that may accompany severe cases of polymorphic light eruption?
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Describe the type of testing that may be conducted to evaluate UV sensitivity in cases of polymorphic light eruption.
Describe the type of testing that may be conducted to evaluate UV sensitivity in cases of polymorphic light eruption.
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What is the role of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of polymorphic light eruption?
What is the role of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of polymorphic light eruption?
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Identify a potential environmental trigger that could exacerbate polymorphic light eruption.
Identify a potential environmental trigger that could exacerbate polymorphic light eruption.
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What is the most common form of idiopathic photodermatosis associated with seasonal sun exposure?
What is the most common form of idiopathic photodermatosis associated with seasonal sun exposure?
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Study Notes
Reaction to Cold
- Exposure to extreme cold can result in skin reactions in anyone.
- Persistent sores or growing lumps within a cold-induced rash may require a skin biopsy to rule out skin cancer.
- Abnormally pigmented areas of skin due to cold exposure can persist for years.
- Treatment options for cold-induced skin pigment changes include topical tretinoin or laser therapy.
Erythema ab igne (EAI)
- EAI is a skin condition caused by repeated exposure to heat, typically from sources like heating pads or fireplaces.
- It presents as a reddish-brown, reticular pattern on the skin, often resembling a "fire mark".
Miliaria (Sweat Rash)
- Miliaria occurs when sweat glands become blocked, leading to trapped sweat.
- This blockage can be caused by factors like heat, humidity, and tight clothing.
- Miliaria often results in a rash with small, itchy bumps.
- Immediate darkening of the skin pigment can occur.
Photoallergic Reaction
- Photoallergic reaction is an immune reaction that occurs after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
- Unlike a sunburn, it takes several days to develop and involves delayed hypersensitivity.
Phototoxic Reaction
- Phototoxic reactions are caused by a direct chemical reaction between a substance and UV light, leading to skin damage.
- These reactions often occur quickly, within minutes to hours of UV exposure.
UV Radiation
- UVB radiation (290–320 nm) is responsible for:
- Sunburn
- Phototoxic reaction
- Delayed pigment darkening
- Premalignant and malignant skin conditions
- UVC radiation (200–290 nm) is more damaging and associated with:
- Actinic keratosis
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
Skin Pigmentation
- Immediate pigment darkening is a temporary darkening of the skin following UV exposure.
- This pigmentation change typically appears within minutes and lasts for a few hours.
Frost Bite
- Frostbite is an abnormal reaction to cold exposure that affects a small, susceptible portion of the population.
- Genetic predisposition likely plays a role.
- Examples of abnormal cold reactions include chilblains, cryoglobulinemia, and others.
### Chilblains (Perniosis)
- An abnormal vascular response to cold exposure, resulting in painful, inflammatory lesions.
- Commonly affects older children and young adults.
- Occur in the middle of the epidermis.
Miliaria Profunda
- Blockage at or below the dermo-epidermal junction following repeated episodes of miliaria rubra.
- Asymptomatic, flesh-colored, firm papules (2-3 mm in size).
Treatment for Chilblains
- Avoid hot exposure.
Senile Skin Changes
- Solar elastosis.
- Senile comedones.
- Telangiectasia.
- Poikiloderma of Civatte.
Premalignant and Malignant Skin Conditions
- Primarily caused by UVB radiation.
Phototoxic Reactions
- Resemble an exaggerated sunburn or blisters.
- Occur in sun-exposed skin.
- Not immunologically mediated.
- High incidence (affecting all people).
- Require large amounts of the agent.
- Onset occurs within minutes to hours.
- Only a single exposure is needed.
Photoallergic Reactions
- Dermatitis-like reaction.
- Occur in sun-exposed skin, potentially spreading to unexposed areas.
- Immunologically mediated (Type IV hypersensitivity).
- Low incidence (predisposed individuals).
- Require small amounts of the agent.
- Onset takes 24-72 hours.
- Multiple exposures are needed.
Photosensitizing Agents
- Tetracyclines
- Phenothiazines
- Amiodarone
- Nalidixic acid
Phytophotodermatitis
- Photosensitivity responses resulting from contact with plants or their products on sun-exposed areas.
Abnormal Reactions to Sun Exposure (Photodermatoses)
- Photodermatoses are abnormal reactions to sun exposure.
-
Metabolic diseases can cause photodermatoses, including:
- Porphyria
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Pellagra
- Drug-induced photodermatoses can occur due to both topical and systemic medications.
-
Diseases aggravated by sunlight include:
- Actinic lichen planus
- Erythema multiforme
- Lupus erythematosus
-
Idiopathic photodermatoses have unknown causes, and include a variety of conditions:
- Polymorphic light eruption
- Solar urticaria
- Chronic actinic dermatitis
- Hydroa aestivale (summer prurigo of Hutchinson)
- Hydroa vacciniform
- Juvenile spring eruption
- Actinic reticuloid
Perniosis (Chilblains)
- Inflammatory response of the skin, triggered by cold exposure
- Symptoms include redness, itching, and swelling
- Treatment involves avoiding cold exposure
- Topical treatments include corticosteroids and capsaicin cream
- Oral medications like nifedipine are used for severe cases to improve blood circulation
- Moisturizers prevent dry skin
Erythema Ab Igne
- Skin condition caused by prolonged exposure to heat
- Leads to a red, mottled appearance on the skin
- Avoiding heat sources is crucial
- Topical corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation
- Retinoids can be applied to improve skin texture
- Avoiding future thermal injuries is recommended
Milaria (Heat Rash)
- Blocked sweat glands cause sweat retention, leading to the condition
- Staying in a cool environment and removing excess clothing are important
- Calamine lotion helps soothe irritation, while antihistamines relieve itching
- Wearing breathable fabrics and hydration help prevent heat rash
Phototoxic Reactions
- Occur after exposure to UV light when using certain medications or substances
- Remove the offending agent immediately if possible
- Cool compresses and soothing lotions, like aloe vera, can be applied
- Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation
- Sun protection measures like broad-spectrum sunscreen and protective clothing should be implemented
Photoallergic Reactions
- An immune-mediated reaction triggered by UV light after applying photosensitizing agents
- Discontinue using the offending agent
- Topical corticosteroids control inflammation and itching
- Antihistamines provide relief for symptoms
- Sun protection strategies, including sunscreen and protective clothing are crucial
Polymorphic Light Eruption
- A common type of idiopathic photodermatosis (skin reaction to sunlight with unknown cause).
- Characterized by a red, itchy, or burning rash that appears on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and arms.
- Rash develops hours to days after UV exposure, often during spring and summer.
- Lesions can appear as papules, plaques, or vesicles (small bumps, flat raised areas, or fluid-filled blisters).
- Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within days, but lesions may recur with further sun exposure.
- The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and an exaggerated immune response to UV radiation are thought to play a role.
- Environmental factors, such as altitude, reflective surfaces (sand, water), and certain medications or photosensitizers, can exacerbate the condition.
- Treatment involves avoiding sun exposure, using broad-spectrum sunscreen, and using topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching.
- Oral antihistamines can provide relief from itching.
- UV phototherapy can be used as a preventative measure in recurrent cases.
- Immunosuppressive therapy is a last resort for severe and resistant cases.
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Description
This quiz covers various skin reactions induced by extreme temperatures, including cold-induced rashes, erythema ab igne, and miliaria. Learn about symptoms, treatments, and the effects of prolonged exposure to cold and heat on skin health.
