Skin Rash Quiz: Lyme Disease and More

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Questions and Answers

What virus is responsible for causing Chickenpox?

Morbillivirus

Human herpesvirus

Hepatitis virus

Varicella zoster virus (correct)

Which symptom is NOT associated with Roseola?

Fever followed by rash development

Rash on the forehead (correct)

Mild upper respiratory illness

High fever

What is the transmission route for measles caused by morbillivirus?

Droplet transmission (correct)

Vector-borne transmission

Direct contact

Airborne transmission

What characteristic feature is observed in Koplik's spots?

Small red spots with blue-white centers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about treatment options for the infections mentioned is correct?

There is no specific treatment for Chickenpox. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for causing Erysipelas?

Streptococcus pyogenes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is associated with Lyme Disease?

Erythema migrans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial treatment for Scarlet Fever?

Penicillin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a notable characteristic of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Hypotension (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus causes Molluscum contagiosum?

Poxvirus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventive measure for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Avoidance of ticks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Secondary Syphilis?

Condylomata lata (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is used for Epidemic Typhus?

Doxycycline (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinct sign is present in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS)?

Nikolsky's sign (C) Signup and view all the answers

What specific rash is associated with Measles?

Maculopapular rash (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is known to cause Scrub Typhus?

Orientia tsutsugamushi (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent Erysipelas?

Skin injuries (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with Rubella?

Lymphadenopathy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding in patients with Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Hypotension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What virus is primarily responsible for infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is associated with painful red blisters in the mouth and hands?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission method for the Yellow fever virus?

Mosquito bites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What specific treatment is available for dengue fever?

There is no specific treatment (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogenic mechanism is associated with Ebola virus disease?

Virus enters through a broken membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically associated with dengue fever?

Jaundice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Hantavirus disease?

It is caused by a rodent-borne virus. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be caused by Lassa virus?

Hemorrhaging from gums (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Rift Valley fever?

Confusion and coma (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disease's causative agent can lead to a biphasic fever pattern?

Dengue fever (D) Signup and view all the answers

What prevention method is effective against Dengue fever?

Mosquito control (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of Ebola virus disease?

Mild abdominal discomfort (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

It can cause swelling of the scrotum. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SKIN RASH

Lyme Disease:
- Causative agent: Borrelia burgdorferi
- Pathogenesis: Invades skin (then heart, CNS, joints)
- Manifestations: Erythema migrans (bull's eye rash), Bell’s palsy, arthritis (type 3 hypersensitivity)
- Diagnosis: Known exposure, clinical presentation, serology
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone
- Prevention: Avoidance of ticks
- Image: Bull's eye rash
Erysipelas:
- Causative agent: Streptococcus pyogenes
- Pathogenesis: M proteins
- Manifestations: Dermal pain, fever, rapid spread, skin edema, lymphadenopathy
- Diagnosis: Catalase (-), Gram (+), Bacitracin
- Treatment: Penicillin, Erythromycin
- Image: Raised facial butterfly wing
Scarlet Fever:
- Causative agent: Streptococcus pyogenes
- Pathogenesis: Erythrogenic toxin
- Manifestations: Fever, trunk + neck extremities, strawberry tongue
- Diagnosis: (same as above)
- Treatment: Penicillin, Clindamycin
- Image: Erythematous rash (sandpaper-like)

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS)

Staphylococcus aureus (TSST):
- Predispositions: Skin abscesses, vaginal infections
- Pathogenesis: Superantigen TSST
- Manifestations: Acute onset, fever, hypotension, multiorgan failure, myalgia. Temperature 39C or lower, systolic blood pressure 90mmHg or lower, involvement of organ systems
- Diagnosis: Temp. 39°C <, sys. 90mmHg, diffuse macular erythema, involvement of organ systems
- Treatment: Cloxacillin, Rifampicin/fusidic acid (faster penetration to inflamed tissues)
- Image: Generalized maculopapular rash

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME (SSS)

Staphylococcus aureus (pyrogenic exotoxins-exfoliatins):
- Predispositions: Skin abscesses, vaginal infections
- Pathogenesis: Desquamation, exfoliatins
- Manifestations: Neonatal Ritter/Lyell’s syndrome, trunk, neck extremities.
- Diagnosis: Catalase (+), Gram (+), Coagulase (+), cocci Nikolsky’s sign (+)
- Treatment: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Vancomycin (penicillin allergic)
- Image: Early lesions: pale + flaccid shallow bullae. Severe: scalded lesions.

SECONDARY SYPHILIS

Treponema pallidum:
- Predispositions: IV drug abuse (in females)
- Pathogenesis: Endotoxin
- Manifestations: Fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, condylomata lata (anogenital).
- Diagnosis: Microscopy: exudate from chancre, DF/UV. Serology: Non-specific (VDRL, RPRT), Specific (FTA-ABS, MHA-TP).
- Treatment: Penicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin
- Image: early lesions: pale + flaccid shallow bullae. Severe: scalded lesions

OTHER DISEASES

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever:
- Causative agent: Rickettsia rickettsii
- Pathogenesis: Endotoxin, infects endothelial cells.
- Manifestations: Anorexia, fever, respiratory symptoms, splenomegaly/lymphadenopathy, shock
- Diagnosis: Serology
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol
- Prevention: Avoidance of ticks
- Image: Generalized maculopapular rash
Epidemic typhus:
- Causative agent: Rickettsia prowazekii
- Pathogenesis: Endotoxin, infects vascular endothelium in skin.
- Manifestations: Fever, arthralgia, lead to severe meningoencephalitis
- Diagnosis: Serology
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol and Delousing by insecticides/Formaldehyde
- Image: Generalized maculopapular rash
Scrub Typhus:
- Causative agent: Orientia tsutsugamushi
- Pathogenesis: Endotoxin, infects vascular endothelium in skin.
- Manifestations: Fever, severe headache, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, CNS complications. Eschar.
- Diagnosis: Serology
- Treatment: Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol
- Prevention: Avoid exposure to chiggers
- Image: Macular-papular rash. Eschar (below)
Other Skin Rashes (Molluscum contagiosum, Rubella, Measles, Roseola):
- Causative agents, transmission, symptoms, prevention, treatment, and image are all detailed in each skin rash section. Please review the table providing the specific details.
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Dengue, Yellow Fever):
- Causes, Pathogenesis, Manifestations, Diagnostics, Treatment, prevention and other important details are listed in each section.
Ebola Virus Disease, Marburg Virus Disease, Lassa Fever:
- Causative agent, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention are stated in each description.
Hantavirus Disease:
- Causative agent, pathogenesis, stages (Febrile, Hypotensive, Oliguric, Diuretic, Convalescent) and treatment for hantavirus are detailed.
Norovirus, Rift Valley Fever:
- Causative agent, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are included.
Helminths (Filariasis, Cutaneous Larva Migrans):
- Causative agents, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention are detailed for each helminth disease.
River Blindness (Onchocerca volvulus):
- Causative agent, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention are listed.
Cercarial Dermatitis/Swimmer's itch:(Schistosomiasis)
- Causative agent, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention are listed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various skin rashes including Lyme disease, erysipelas, and scarlet fever. This quiz covers causative agents, pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods. Challenge yourself to identify key characteristics and clinical presentations of these infectious diseases.