Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which specimens are preferred by laboratories for diagnosing skin infections?
Which specimens are preferred by laboratories for diagnosing skin infections?
- Surgically obtained tissue samples (correct)
- Wound swabs
- Materials from surgical debridement drainage samples
- Swabs of abscesses
What is the recommended treatment for Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the recommended treatment for Staphylococcus aureus?
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Tetracycline
- Vancomycin (correct)
What does MRSA stand for?
What does MRSA stand for?
- Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- Methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (correct)
- Vancomycin intermediate resistance *S.aureus*
- Methicillin sensitive *Staphylococcus aureus*
Which terminology corresponds to vancomycin-resistant enterococci?
Which terminology corresponds to vancomycin-resistant enterococci?
What does ESBL refer to?
What does ESBL refer to?
Which organism is most commonly associated with the development of boils?
Which organism is most commonly associated with the development of boils?
What condition is typically caused by Propionibacterium acnes?
What condition is typically caused by Propionibacterium acnes?
Which sample type is preferred for laboratory diagnosis of skin infections?
Which sample type is preferred for laboratory diagnosis of skin infections?
Which type of skin infection is described as an interconnected cluster of boils?
Which type of skin infection is described as an interconnected cluster of boils?
What is a typical treatment for Staphylococcus aureus skin infections?
What is a typical treatment for Staphylococcus aureus skin infections?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with acne formation?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with acne formation?
Which type of skin infection involves a collection of pus within a cavity?
Which type of skin infection involves a collection of pus within a cavity?
Candida albicans is most commonly responsible for causing which condition in immunocompromised patients?
Candida albicans is most commonly responsible for causing which condition in immunocompromised patients?
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Study Notes
Skin Infections
- Candida albicans causes folliculitis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts.
Types of Skin Infections
- Abscesses: collections of pus in a cavity, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
- Boils: develop from a previous follicular infection, a deep folliculitis, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
- Carbuncles: interconnected boils arising in a cluster of hair follicles or a collection of furuncles in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
Acne
- Caused by Propionibacterium acnes.
- Occurs with hormonal changes of puberty, leading to increased sebum production and keratinization in pilosebaceous ducts.
- P. acnes breaks down sebum to form fatty acids and peptides, causing inflammation.
Pathogenesis of Acne
- Pilosebaceous ducts become blocked, forming sacs where P. acnes and other microorganisms multiply.
- Enzymes and substances released from bacteria and neutrophils contribute to inflammation.
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Specimens collected include tissue biopsies, aspirations, swabs of abscesses, wound swabs, and materials from surgical debridement drainage samples.
- Laboratories prefer surgically obtained tissue samples, aspirate of closed abscesses, and an aliquot of pus or fluid over swab samples.
Treatment
- Streptococcus: treated with Penicillin.
- Staphylococcus aureus: treated with Vancomycin.
Antibiotic Resistance
- MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
- MSSA: methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
- VRE: vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
- VISA: vancomycin intermediate resistance Staphylococcus aureus.
- VRSA & VRSE: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- ESBL: extended spectrum β-lactamase.
- PRSP: penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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