Skin Aging: Intrinsic vs. Photoaging
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of aging mentioned in the text?

  • Biological and environmental aging
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic aging (correct)
  • Progressive and physiological aging
  • Genetic and lifestyle aging

    • Which process leads to a loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin?

  • Extrinsic aging (correct)
  • Environmental aging
  • Genetic aging
  • Biological aging

    • What is another term for photoaging as mentioned in the text?

  • Genetic aging
  • Sun-induced aging (correct)
  • Intrinsic aging
  • Biological aging

    • What is the result of both intrinsic aging and photoaging?

    <p>Progressive loss of skin's integrity and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of changes occur in the skin as a natural consequence of biological changes over time?

    <p>Structural changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes intrinsic aging visually?

    <p>Fine wrinkles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines intrinsic aging according to the text?

    <p>Genetics and hormonal changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is intrinsic aging considered unavoidable according to the text?

    <p>It represents the biological effect of time on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological change occurs in the skin over time?

    <p>Thickening of the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histological effect of aging on the skin?

    <p>Gradual reduction in collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological change occurs in the outer layer of the skin as a result of aging?

    <p>Decreased hyperkeratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amount of collagen in the skin as a part of the aging process?

    <p>It decreases gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological change is NOT associated with aging of the skin?

    <p>Increased number of melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of epidermal and dermal atrophy in aging skin?

    <p>Shortening of telomere DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is most prominently affected by the aging process in the skin?

    <p>Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to hyperkeratosis in aging skin?

    <p>Epidermal and dermal atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major risks associated with aged skin according to the text?

    <p>Vascular complications, lack of elasticity, and increased risk for premalignant lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main intrinsic skin aging risk factors mentioned in the text?

    <p>Anatomical skin sites variations, gender, and hormonal changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the synergy of intrinsic aging and photoaging produce according to the text?

    <p>Deterioration of the cutaneous barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intrinsic aging and photoaging during the life span according to the text?

    <p>Deterioration of the cutaneous barrier and increased risk for premalignant lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of photo-damaged skin?

    <p>Increased collagen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the changes occurring in the skin from repetitive exposure to UV of the sunlight?

    <p>Photoaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a histological change associated with photoaging?

    <p>Yellowing and pigmentation disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are mentioned as a symptom of photo-damaged skin?

    <p>Premalignant lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histological change in the dermis of photoaged skin?

    <p>Accumulation of abnormal elastic fibers and loss of collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the alteration in the dermal extracellular matrix in photo-aged skin?

    <p>UV-mediated damage to elastic fibers and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin aging is characterized by massive accumulation of abnormal elastic fibers and loss of collagen?

    <p>Photoaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the alteration in the dermis of photoaged skin?

    <p>UV-mediated damage to elastic fibers and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin cells are predominantly affected by shorter-wavelength UVB light?

    <p>Keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin cells can UVA light interact with, due to its ability to penetrate deeper?

    <p>Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells absorb UV light to protect skin cells from exposure to UV radiation?

    <p>Melanin-pigmented cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin are predominantly affected by longer-wavelength UVA light?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action for UVB light?

    <p>Interaction with DNA, provoking DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a general term for oxygen-derived species mentioned in the text?

    <p>Superoxide anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ROS mentioned in the text?

    <p>Generation of DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light can also generate ROS, but mainly acts through interaction with DNA?

    <p>UVA light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzymatic system involved in skin's antioxidant defense mechanism?

    <p>Catalase, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione peroxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an increase of ROS cause in the skin's antioxidant defense mechanism?

    <p>Oxidative stress and potential tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds can be obtained from the diet as antioxidants for the skin?

    <p>Vitamins and polyphenolic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will a depletion of the antioxidant system lead to in the skin?

    <p>Oxidative stress and potential tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of erythema triggered by inflammation after sun exposure?

    <p>Delayed and prolonged vasodilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested to reduce erythema provoked by UV irradiation?

    <p>Intake of antioxidants or anti-inflammatory compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of prolonged UV exposure in the skin?

    <p>Passage of lymphocytes and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was indicated to be involved in reducing the erythema provoked by UV irradiation?

    <p>Intake of antioxidants or anti-inflammatory compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the FDA categorize 'cosmeceuticals'?

    <p>As a type of cosmetic product with misleading advertising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the misconception associated with the term 'cosmeceutical' in cosmetic advertising?

    <p>It suggests that the product is similar to a pharmaceutical without testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern about the use of the term 'cosmeceutical' in cosmetic advertising?

    <p>It indicates a high level of efficacy and safety similar to pharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the FDA warn against the use of the term 'cosmeceutical' in cosmetic advertising?

    <p>To prevent misleading consumers about the product's nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of cosmetic preparation is specifically mentioned as a treatment for stretch marks and wrinkles?

    <p>Retinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents are mentioned to be involved in surface-smoothing in the context of cosmetic preparation for antiaging?

    <p>α- and β-Hydroxy Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is mentioned as a treatment for antiaging and is known for its antioxidant properties?

    <p>Antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cream is used as an antiwrinkle cream in the context of cosmetic preparation for antiaging?

    <p>A Stretch-Mark Cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is mentioned in the text as a classical moisturizer for treating dryness in photo-aged skin?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of peptides are suggested as moisturizers recently in the text?

    <p>Amino acid sequence mimicking peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proposed to increase the lipophilic character for better percutaneous absorption in moisturizers?

    <p>Small polypeptides with long side chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance, suggested in the text, can be used to reduce erythema provoked by UV irradiation?

    <p>Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and salts (PCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the body?

    <p>Providing skin structure and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit is NOT associated with hyaluronic acid (HA) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Antioxidant protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of creams and serums is hyaluronic acid (HA) commonly involved?

    <p>Anti-aging creams and serums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid (HA) when included in moisturizer creams and serums?

    <p>Improving skin hydration and texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the body?

    <p>Providing skin structure and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Damaging the skin's antioxidant defense mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits associated with hyaluronic acid (HA) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Anti-aging, Moisturizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents are involved in surface-smoothing in the context of cosmetic preparation for anti-aging?

    <p>Surface-smoothing silicone derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect of topical application of retinoic acid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Erythema, scaling, and pruritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid (HA) when included in moisturizer creams and serums?

    <p>Reducing erythema provoked by UV irradiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for photoaging as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Actinic aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines intrinsic aging according to the text?

    <p>Endogenous factors and genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen to retinol and retinal for them to become active transretinoic acid in the skin?

    <p>They must be metabolized in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with incorporating retinol and retinal in cosmetic preparations?

    <p>Slow oxidation of retinol over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of current research on molecules with antiaging properties mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improving stability and delivery systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of new delivery systems and derivatives of retinol mentioned in the text?

    <p>To solve the problem of stability of the preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of incorporating retinol and retinal in cosmetic preparations?

    <p>To increase the stability of the preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of α- and β-Hydroxy Acids in cosmetic treatments?

    <p>To remove the superficial epidermal layers of the skin and provide a younger appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of new delivery systems and derivatives of retinol in cosmetic preparations?

    <p>To solve the problem of stability of these preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of α- and β-Hydroxy Acids at lower concentrations in cosmetic treatments?

    <p>To provide a younger appearance through exfoliation and rejuvenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an important antioxidant for skin in the text?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histological change in the dermis of photoaged skin?

    <p>Decrease in elastin content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hyaluronic acid (HA) when included in moisturizer creams and serums?

    <p>Attracting and retaining moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of light can also generate ROS, but mainly acts through interaction with DNA?

    <p>UVB light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plant antioxidants has been reported to have great antioxidant activity in skin care formulation?

    <p>Resveratrol in seeds of grape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was indicated regarding the efficacy of soybean extract against photoaging?

    <p>It indicates the promise of the soya isoflavones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant extract was mentioned to have effects on the clinical and histological appearance of photoaging skin?

    <p>Green tea extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been recently investigated with promising results, according to the text?

    <p>Plant antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound from red grapes is reported to have great antioxidant activity in skin care formulations?

    <p>Resveratrol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the promising effect of soybean extract mentioned in the text?

    <p>Prevention of photoaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been reported about the topical use of resveratol in skin care formulation?

    <p>Is associated with great antioxidant activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have the literature reported about the effects of green tea extracts?

    <p>Improving the clinical and histological appearance of photoaging skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of UV filters in antiaging creams and lotions?

    <p>To absorb radiation and reflect light for protection against photoaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of epidermal and dermal atrophy in aging skin?

    <p>Prolonged UV exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Histological changes associated with aging of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the changes occurring in the skin from repetitive exposure to UV of the sunlight?

    <p>Photoaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale of antiaging efficacy of plant extracts based on, according to the text?

    <p>Folk medicine, general anecdotic or subjective information, and double-blind, vehicle-controlled antiaging treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor determining the intrinsic aging according to the text?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the body?

    <p>Maintaining tissue hydration and lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is intrinsic aging considered unavoidable according to the text?

    <p>Because it is mainly determined by genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant extract is commonly used in cosmetics and is known for its antioxidant properties?

    <p>Aleurits moluccana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Ginkgo biloba in cosmetic preparations?

    <p>Antioxidant properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which algae is mentioned as having potential antiaging properties?

    <p>Fucus vesiculosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is suggested for treating dryness in photo-aged skin as a classical moisturizer?

    <p>Aloe vera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Aging

    • Two main types of aging: intrinsic aging and photoaging
    • Intrinsic aging: natural process of aging caused by biological changes over time
    • Photoaging: premature aging caused by repetitive exposure to UV radiation

    Intrinsic Aging

    • Leads to loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin
    • Characterized by fine wrinkles, age spots, and dry skin
    • Determined by genetics
    • Considered unavoidable due to natural biological changes

    Histological Changes

    • Histological change in the skin over time: reduction of collagen and elastin
    • Main histological effect of aging on the skin: loss of collagen and elastin
    • Histological change in the outer layer of the skin: thickening of the stratum corneum

    Photoaging

    • Another term: solar elastosis
    • Main histological change in the dermis of photoaged skin: massive accumulation of abnormal elastic fibers and loss of collagen
    • Caused by repetitive exposure to UV radiation

    Skin Cells

    • Cell type most prominently affected by aging: keratinocytes
    • Cell type affected by shorter-wavelength UVB light: epidermal keratinocytes
    • Cell type affected by longer-wavelength UVA light: dermal fibroblasts

    UV Radiation

    • UVB light: causes erythema and inflammation
    • UVA light: generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interacts with DNA
    • Main mechanism of action for UVB light: causes erythema and inflammation

    Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

    • General term: oxygen-derived species
    • Primary effect: causes oxidative stress and damage to skin cells
    • Can be generated by UV radiation and other factors

    Antioxidant Defense

    • Enzymatic system involved: antioxidant enzymes
    • Compounds that can be obtained from the diet: vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and polyphenols
    • Depletion of antioxidant system: leads to increased oxidative stress and damage to skin cells

    Cosmeceuticals

    • FDA categorization: neither a cosmetic nor a pharmaceutical
    • Misconception: implies that a product has drug-like effects
    • Main concern: lack of regulation and misuse of the term

    Cosmetic Preparations

    • Type of agents involved in surface-smoothing: alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, and retinol
    • Compound with antioxidant properties: resveratrol
    • Type of cream used as an antiwrinkle cream: retinol cream
    • Substance used to reduce erythema provoked by UV irradiation: hyaluronic acid
    • Primary function of hyaluronic acid: retains moisture in the skin

    Plant Extracts

    • Example: soybean extract, reported to have great antioxidant activity
    • Example: green tea extract, reported to have anti-inflammatory effects
    • Example: resveratrol, reported to have great antioxidant activity

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    Description

    Explore the natural aging process of the skin, including the distinctions between intrinsic aging (biological aging) and photoaging. Understand how these processes lead to a loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin.

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