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Questions and Answers

Peter Higgs is known for his work in ______ and for developing a theory that explains the origin of elementary particle mass.

physics

Eric Kandel focused his research on the cellular basis of behavior and the role of ______ in memory and learning.

synapses

Mario J. Molina's research on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) showed that they are harmful to the ______.

ozone layer

Lap-Chee Tsui identified the faulty gene responsible for ______, a life-threatening disease.

<p>cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mae Carol Jemison made history as the first African-American woman to travel in ______.

<p>space</p> Signup and view all the answers

Donna Strickland developed a technique called ______ which enabled the generation of the shortest and most intense laser pulses.

<p>chirped pulse amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carol Greider's research on ______ earned her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

<p>telomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both Peter Higgs and Donna Strickland received the Nobel Prize in ______ for their significant contributions to science.

<p>Physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fred Hoyle proposed that most chemical elements could be created step-by-step by nuclear reactions within large ______.

<p>stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

Katherine Johnson played a crucial role in calculating trajectories for many space missions, including those of ______, the first American in space.

<p>Alan Shepard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Irene Uchida discovered that individuals with Down syndrome have an extra ______ (47 rather than 46).

<p>chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yvonne Brill developed a propulsion system for keeping unmanned spacecraft in ______ orbit.

<p>stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abdus Salam developed the electroweak theory, which unifies the weak interaction with the electromagnetic ______.

<p>force</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vera Rubin's research indicated the existence of ______ matter within galaxies.

<p>dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fred Hoyle coined the term '______' during a popular radio talk.

<p>Big Bang</p> Signup and view all the answers

Katherine Johnson began working at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in ______.

<p>1953</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abdus Salam received the Nobel Prize in Physics in ______.

<p>1979</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the 1970s, Vera Rubin discovered that stars in the outer parts of spiral galaxies orbit at the same speed as stars ______ to the center.

<p>closer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fred Hoyle's Steady State Theory

A cosmological model proposing that the universe's average density remains constant as new matter is continuously created.

Big Bang Theory

The prevailing cosmological model for the universe's origin and evolution.

Katherine Johnson's role in space missions

Crucial calculations for trajectories, including early American space missions and Apollo 11.

Electroweak Theory

Unifies the weak and electromagnetic forces, predicting messenger particles (bosons).

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Abdus Salam's Nobel Prize

Won jointly with Glashow and Weinberg for developing electroweak theory.

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Vera Rubin's Dark Matter Discovery

Found outer galaxy star speeds contradicted Newtonian gravity, suggesting hidden matter.

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Irene Uchida's research

Investigated chromosome differences in genetic conditions like Down syndrome

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Yvonne Brill's work

Developed propulsion systems for spacecraft, including satellites and space shuttles.

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Fred Hoyle's contributions

Worked on the origin of elements, supporting the steady state theory.

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Katherine Johnson's Impact

American mathematician who played a vital role in calculating space trajectories crucial to aeronautical/space missions.

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Higgs boson's role

The Higgs boson is a particle related to the Higgs field, which gives other particles mass.

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Synapses' role in Memory

Synapses are small gaps between nerve cells where signals are transmitted and important for memory and learning.

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CFCs' effect on Ozone

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) damage the ozone layer, making the Earth more exposed to harmful radiation.

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Cystic Fibrosis and Genetics

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease where a defect in a particular gene leads to a faulty protein.

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First African-American in Space

Mae Jemison was the first African-American woman to travel in space.

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Chirped Pulse Amplification

A technique (CPA) to make extremely short and powerful laser pulses.

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Telomeres and Cancer

Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. Their study helps understand how to slow cancer growth.

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Nobel Prize in Physics 2018

Donna Strickland shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics for her work on laser pulses.

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