Skeletal System (Multiple Choice)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of joint allows for back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the flat surfaces of bones?

  • Ball and socket joint
  • Plane joint (correct)
  • Hinge joint
  • Ellipsoid joint

    • What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint classified as?

  • Pivot joint (correct)
  • Ellipsoid joint
  • Saddle joint
  • Hinge joint

    • Which joint type features a convex oval-shaped projection fitting into an oval-shaped depression?

  • Ellipsoid joint (correct)
  • Hinge joint
  • Plane joint
  • Ball and socket joint

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of saddle joints?

    <p>Feature saddle-shaped articular surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of a hinge joint?

    <p>Convex surface fits into a concave surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is an example of a combined hinge and plane joint?

    <p>Temporomandibular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many named bones are present in an adult human skeleton?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeleton includes the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of ribs in an adult human thorax?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column in an adult human?

    <p>26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are referred to as auditory ossicles?

    <p>Bones of the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bones are classified by their location rather than shape?

    <p>Sutural bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is included in the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Hip/pelvic/Coxal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are associated with the upper limbs?

    <p>Humerus, Ulna, Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is known as the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located anterior to the knee joint?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pelvis is referred to as the greater pelvis?

    <p>False pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tarsal bones are found in the proximal region of the foot?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that make up the hip bone?

    <p>Ilium, Ischium, Pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pointed distal part of the patella known as?

    <p>Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the lower leg?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the broad proximal end of the patella called?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure is the pubic symphysis?

    <p>Cartilage joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly lists the tarsals in the foot?

    <p>Navicular, 3 cuneiforms, Cuboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tibia in the leg?

    <p>It stabilizes the knee joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes cartilaginous joints?

    <p>They consist of solid hyaline or fibrous cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the fibula is accurate?

    <p>It helps stabilize the ankle joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'arthrology' refers to which field of study?

    <p>The study of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two subtypes of cartilaginous joints?

    <p>Synchondroses and symphyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lateral malleolus located?

    <p>At the distal lateral aspect of the fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is categorized under fibrous joints?

    <p>Suture joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arch is specifically recognized as the longitudinal arch?

    <p>The arch that spans the heel to the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cuboid bone within the skeletal system?

    <p>To support the medial and lateral condyles of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the fibula's relationship to the tibia?

    <p>The fibula lies parallel and lateral to the tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the closure of the paired posterolateral fontanels generally become complete?

    <p>12 months after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the auditory ossicles?

    <p>Transmit vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the hyoid bone?

    <p>A U-shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the vertebral column is correct?

    <p>It is composed of 26 vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point after birth does an infant typically begin to develop an anterior convex cervical curve?

    <p>3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the thoracic and sacral curves?

    <p>They develop later in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the vertebral column?

    <p>To absorb shocks during walking/running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is considered to be the innermost of the auditory ossicles?

    <p>Stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the curvature of the vertebral column change as a child grows?

    <p>The lumbar curve develops as the child begins to sit up, stand, or walk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of the vertebral column for an adult male?

    <p>71 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal System Overview

    • The human skeleton consists of 206 named bones, most of which are paired.
    • At birth, the human skeleton has at least 270 bones, primarily cartilage, which are not yet fused.
    • The adult skeleton is divided into two main parts: Axial and Appendicular.

    Axial Skeleton

    • Functionally, the auditory ossicles are not part of either the axial or appendicular skeleton, but are traditionally grouped with the axial skeleton for convenience.
    • Skull: Includes 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
    • Hyoid Bone: Single, U-shaped bone that sits anterior to the neck, supporting the tongue and providing attachment for muscles of the neck and pharynx.
    • Auditory Ossicles: 3 small bones in the middle ear that transmit vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear (malleus, incus, and stapes).
    • Vertebral Column: Composed of 26 vertebrae, providing strength and flexibility to the spine.
      • Cervical vertebrae: 7
      • Thoracic vertebrae: 12
      • Lumbar vertebrae: 5
      • Sacrum: 5 fused sacral vertebrae
      • Coccyx: 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
    • Thorax: Encloses the chest cavity containing the heart and lungs
      • Sternum: 1
      • Ribs: 24

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • Pectoral Girdle: Connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
      • Clavicle: 2
      • Scapula: 2
    • Upper Limbs:
      • Humerus: 2
      • Ulna: 2
      • Radius: 2
      • Carpals: 16
      • Metacarpals: 10
      • Phalanges: 28
    • Pelvic Girdle: Also known as hip bone or coxal bone, connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
      • Hip/pelvic/Coxal bone: 1
    • Lower Limbs:
      • Femur: 2
      • Patella: 1
      • Fibula: 2
      • Tibia: 2
      • Tarsals: 14
      • Metatarsals: 10
      • Phalanges: 28

    Additional Bone Types

    • Sutural Bones: Small bones located in the sutures (joints) between certain cranial bones.
    • Auditory Ossicles: Malleus, incus, and stapes, the three small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations.

    Vertebral Column Curvatures

    • Primary Curves: (Thoracic and sacral) Retain the original embryonic curvature.
    • Secondary Curves: (Cervical and lumbar) Form later (after birth) and develop in response to upright posture.
    • The curves provide strength, balance, shock absorption, and protection.

    Pelvic Anatomy

    • False Pelvis (Greater Pelvis): Superior to the pelvic brim.
    • True Pelvis (Lesser Pelvis): Inferior to the pelvic brim.
    • Sacroiliac joint: Posteriorly
    • Pubic symphysis: Anteriorly
    • Hip Bone: Composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis

    Important Bones in the Lower Limbs

    • Femur: Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body.
    • Patella: Small, triangular bone anterior to the knee joint.
    • Tibia: Larger and medial weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
    • Fibula: Smaller and lateral bone of the lower leg.
    • Tarsals: 7 bones in the proximal region of the foot - talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform, and cuboid.

    Arches of the Foot

    • Longitudinal arch: From heel to toes
    • Transverse arch: Across the foot
    • Arches help with weight distribution, shock absorption, and balance.

    Joints/Articulations

    • Joints/Articulations (Arthrosis): Points of contact between bones.
    • Arthrology: the study of joints.
    • Kinesiology: the study of motion.

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous Joints: Bones connected by dense connective tissue, offering little to no movement.
    • Cartilaginous Joints: Bones connected by cartilage, enabling little to moderate movement (synchondroses and symphyses).
    • Synovial Joints: Free moving joints allowing a wide range of motion.

    Classification of Synovial Joints

    • Plane/Arthrodial: Flat surfaces allowing gliding movements.
    • Hinge: Allow movement in one plane, like a door hinge.
    • Pivot/Trochoid: One bone rotates around another bone, like a door knob turning.
    • Ellipsoid/Condylar: Allow movement in two planes.
    • Saddle/Sellar: Allow movement in two planes plus limited circumduction.
    • Ball-and-Socket/Spheroidal: Allow movement in three planes (multiaxial).

    Important Synovial Joints

    • Temporomandibular joint: Connects the mandible to the temporal bone, combining hinge and plane joint movements.

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    Related Documents

    Skeletal System Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the human skeletal system's structure, including details on the axial and appendicular components. Learn about the number of bones at birth versus adulthood and the unique aspects of bones like the hyoid and auditory ossicles.

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