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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is true for long bones?
Which characteristic is true for long bones?
What is the main function of short bones?
What is the main function of short bones?
Where are sesamoid bones typically located?
Where are sesamoid bones typically located?
Which of the following statements about flat bones is accurate?
Which of the following statements about flat bones is accurate?
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What is a key feature of irregular bones?
What is a key feature of irregular bones?
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What part of the skeleton is responsible for supporting and protecting the organs of the head, neck, and trunk?
What part of the skeleton is responsible for supporting and protecting the organs of the head, neck, and trunk?
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How many cranial bones are there in the human skull?
How many cranial bones are there in the human skull?
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Which group of vertebrae is located in the back of the neck?
Which group of vertebrae is located in the back of the neck?
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Which type of rib is referred to as true ribs?
Which type of rib is referred to as true ribs?
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How many lumbar vertebrae are typically found in a human?
How many lumbar vertebrae are typically found in a human?
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What is the composition of the vertebral column in terms of number of vertebrae?
What is the composition of the vertebral column in terms of number of vertebrae?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?
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What is the primary function of compact bone in the human skeleton?
What is the primary function of compact bone in the human skeleton?
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What characterizes false ribs in comparison to true ribs?
What characterizes false ribs in comparison to true ribs?
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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
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What is the primary function of the sternum?
What is the primary function of the sternum?
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What distinguishes floating ribs from other types of ribs?
What distinguishes floating ribs from other types of ribs?
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Which part of the body does the pelvic girdle connect?
Which part of the body does the pelvic girdle connect?
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Which bones are included in the upper limb?
Which bones are included in the upper limb?
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What is the function of the greater and lesser tubercles on the humerus?
What is the function of the greater and lesser tubercles on the humerus?
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What differentiates long bones from short bones?
What differentiates long bones from short bones?
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What is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
What is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
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Which part of the skeletal system protects the spinal cord?
Which part of the skeletal system protects the spinal cord?
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How many bones do adults typically have in their skeletal system?
How many bones do adults typically have in their skeletal system?
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What type of bone tissue forms the protective exterior of bones?
What type of bone tissue forms the protective exterior of bones?
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What is the primary role of bone marrow in the skeletal system?
What is the primary role of bone marrow in the skeletal system?
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Which of the following best describes spongy bone?
Which of the following best describes spongy bone?
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What are tendons primarily responsible for in the skeletal system?
What are tendons primarily responsible for in the skeletal system?
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Which mineral is primarily stored in bones as part of their function?
Which mineral is primarily stored in bones as part of their function?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of osteoporosis?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of osteoporosis?
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Which lifestyle choice can contribute to the development of osteoporosis?
Which lifestyle choice can contribute to the development of osteoporosis?
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What is a common cause of arthritis?
What is a common cause of arthritis?
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Which of the following treatments is not typically used for scoliosis?
Which of the following treatments is not typically used for scoliosis?
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What symptom is typically associated with severe scoliosis?
What symptom is typically associated with severe scoliosis?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system comprises all bones in the body, along with connective tissues (tendons, ligaments, and cartilage) that join them.
- Babies have around 300 bones, which fuse to form 206 bones in adults.
Objectives
- After studying this presentation, students should be able to:
- Describe the function of the skeletal system.
- Define the axial skeleton.
- Define the appendicular skeleton.
- Distinguish different types of bones.
- Understand the overall shape of the skeleton.
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Protection: Protects vital organs such as the brain (skull), heart and lungs (rib cage), and the spinal cord (vertebrae).
- Support: Provides structural support for the body.
- Movement: Works with the muscular system, enabling movement through muscles attached to bones via tendons. Bones are connected by ligaments. Joints are where bones meet.
- Shape: Gives the body its form.
- Blood Production: Bone marrow produces red blood cells (RBCs)
- Mineral Storage: Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Excess minerals accumulate in bones and are released when the body needs them.
Bone Composition
- Bones are made of compact and spongy (cancellous) bone.
- Compact bone forms the outer layer that's dense and hard.
- Spongy bone is inside, porous, and full of tiny holes.
- Bone tissue consists of bone cells embedded in a matrix of organic salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus) for strength, and collagenous fibers providing flexibility.
Blood Production
- Blood cells are produced within bone marrow located in some bones.
- Bone marrow produces approximately 206 million RBCs per second to replace those destroyed by the liver.
Mineral Storage
- Bones serve as reservoirs for important minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
- If blood mineral levels are high, excess minerals are stored in bone.
- If blood mineral levels are low, minerals are released from the bones.
Types of Bones
- Long bones: Longer than wide, found in limbs (e.g., femur).
- Short bones: Cube-shaped, found in the wrists and ankles.
- Irregular bones: Varying shapes, located in the spine and face (e.g., vertebrae).
- Flat bones: Thin and flat, protect internal organs or provide muscle attachment points (e.g., skull, ribs).
- Sesamoid bones: Small, embedded within tendons, found in joints (e.g., patella).
Divisions of the Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton: Forms the central axis of the body, supporting and protecting organs of the head, neck, and trunk. Includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, along with the girdles (shoulder and pelvic) that connect them to the axial skeleton.
Axial Skeleton Details
- Skull: A bony structure supporting facial features and enclosing the brain (eight cranial bones, fourteen facial bones).
- Vertebral Column: Composed of about 33 irregular bones called vertebrae; divided into five groups (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx), based on location within the spine.
- Ribs: Thin, curved bones forming a protective cage around upper-body organs (twelve pairs); categorized as true, false, or floating.
- Sternum: A flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest that anchors the ribs and protects internal organs.
Appendicular Skeleton Details
- Upper Limbs: The arm, forearm, and hand (humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges bones).
- Lower Limbs: Thigh, leg, and foot (femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges bones).
- Shoulder Girdle: Two clavicles and two scapulae, attaching upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
- Pelvic Girdle: Two coxal bones, connecting the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
Skeletal Diseases
-
Osteoporosis: A disease characterized by reduction in bone density and quality, leading to fragile bones.
- Causes: Aging, lack of hormones, genetics, body size, alcohol intake, lack of activity
- Symptoms: Back pain, loss of height over time, stooped posture, increased risk of bone fractures
- Treatment: Eating calcium-rich foods, taking vitamin D, exercising, avoiding alcohol and smoking
-
Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints.
- Causes: Reduced cartilage, injury, immune system attack on tissues
- Symptoms: Pain, limited joint function, stiffness, swelling, redness, tenderness
- Treatment: Surgeries, home remedies, medications; some forms involve weight reduction.
-
Scoliosis: Abnormal spine curvature, varying in severity.
- Causes: Birth defects, growth spurts, injuries, previous spine surgeries
- Symptoms: One shoulder higher than the other, uneven hips, rotating spine, back pain, breathing problems
- Treatment: Bracing, surgical intervention, depending on severity.
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Description
This quiz covers the basic components and functions of the skeletal system, including the definitions of the axial and appendicular skeletons. Students will learn about the different types of bones, their roles in protection, support, movement, and shape of the body. Test your knowledge on how the skeletal system contributes to the human body's structure and function.
