Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
How many bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
Which bones form the upper jaw?
Which bones form the upper jaw?
What is the total number of bones in the thoracic cage?
What is the total number of bones in the thoracic cage?
How many bones does each upper limb contain?
How many bones does each upper limb contain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bone forms the back and base of the cranium?
Which bone forms the back and base of the cranium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?
What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following substances are stored in bones?
Which of the following substances are stored in bones?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of bone tissue is characterized by a solid matrix?
What type of bone tissue is characterized by a solid matrix?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is NOT required for normal bone growth and maintenance?
Which hormone is NOT required for normal bone growth and maintenance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the healing process of a bone fracture?
What is the first step in the healing process of a bone fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Skeletal System
- Contains 206 separate bones
- Includes bones, cartilages, joints, ligaments, and connective tissues
- Has 5 primary functions:
- Support: Provides structural support for the entire body
- Storage: Stores calcium, phosphate, and energy reserves (lipids)
- Blood cell production: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and other blood elements are produced in bone marrow
- Protection: Soft tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements
- Leverage: Bones act as levers, providing a rigid structure for muscles to act upon.
Bone Structure
- Supporting connective tissue containing specialized cells and matrix
- Four general shapes:
- Long (femur)
- Short (ankle, carpal)
- Flat (frontal cranium, sternum)
- Irregular (vertebra)
- Sesamoid (patella)
- Two types of bone structure:
- Compact bone: Solid
- Spongy bone: Network of bone rods separated by space
- Bone marrow: Also known as myeloid tissue
Bone Cells
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoblasts
Bone Growth and Maintenance
- Requires calcium and phosphate salts for normal growth and maintenance
- Vitamins D3, A, and C are important for bone formation
- Hormones (growth hormone, thyroid hormone, sex hormones, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone) are involved
Bone Injury and Repair
- Fractures occur when subjected to extreme loads
- Repair occurs in 4 stages:
- Formation of fracture hematoma
- Formation of internal and external callus
- Osteoblasts replace central cartilage with spongy bone
- Remodeling of spongy bone at the fracture site
Skeletal Divisions
- Axial division:
- Forms the central axis of the body, containing 80 bones:
- Skull (22 bones) and associated bones.
- Thoracic cage (24 ribs and sternum)
- Vertebral column (26 bones)
- Forms the central axis of the body, containing 80 bones:
- Appendicular division:
- Includes bones of limbs and pectoral & pelvic girdles that attach limbs to the trunk.
Skull
- Composed of 22 bones (8 cranial, 14 facial)
- Cranium bones (8): frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
- Facial bones (14): Form the face.
- Connected by immovable sutures
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system, including the structure and functions of bones in the human body. This quiz covers the types of bones, their shapes, and the vital roles they play in support, protection, and blood cell production.
