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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of the skeletal system?
Endoskeletons provide better protection than exoskeletons.
Endoskeletons provide better protection than exoskeletons.
False
What type of marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells?
What type of marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells?
Red bone marrow
The adult human skeleton consists of _____ bones.
The adult human skeleton consists of _____ bones.
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Match the types of bones with their characteristics:
Match the types of bones with their characteristics:
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What is a disadvantage of having an exoskeleton?
What is a disadvantage of having an exoskeleton?
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Name one mineral stored in the bones.
Name one mineral stored in the bones.
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The skeletal system aids in maintaining homeostasis.
The skeletal system aids in maintaining homeostasis.
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Which type of bone tissue forms the dense outer layer of bone?
Which type of bone tissue forms the dense outer layer of bone?
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Flat bones protect internal organs and include the ribs and the sternum.
Flat bones protect internal organs and include the ribs and the sternum.
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What is the main function of the axial skeleton?
What is the main function of the axial skeleton?
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The _____ attaches muscle to bone.
The _____ attaches muscle to bone.
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Match the following types of bones with their functions:
Match the following types of bones with their functions:
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Which condition is characterized by a loss of bone tissue, especially in the elderly?
Which condition is characterized by a loss of bone tissue, especially in the elderly?
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The female pelvis is typically narrower and more massive than the male pelvis.
The female pelvis is typically narrower and more massive than the male pelvis.
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What is a common symptom of scoliosis?
What is a common symptom of scoliosis?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system forms a supportive framework of bones and connective tissues.
- Its functions include: protecting body tissues and organs, anchoring skeletal muscles.
- Main organs are bones and joints.
Types of Skeletons
- Exoskeletons: External skeletons made of chitin and calcium carbonate. Provide protection to insects and crustaceans. A disadvantage is the need to molt and limited growth potential.
- Endoskeletons: Internal skeletons of animals (vertebrates), composed of bone and cartilage. An advantage is growth with the animal. A disadvantage is less protection.
Main Functions of Skeletal System
- Support and Protection: Supports soft tissues, anchors muscles, protects internal organs.
- Movement: Works with the muscular system for movement.
- Blood Cell Production: Red bone marrow in some bones produces blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help clot blood.
- Storage: Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus), yellow marrow, and chemical energy (fatty acids).
- Homeostasis: Absorbs or releases calcium to maintain a stable body environment.
Bones of the Human Body
- An adult human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Bones are classified into long, short, irregular, flat, and sesamoid bones.
- Long bones: Support weight, facilitate movement (e.g., humerus, radius, ulna, femur).
- Short bones: Cube-shaped, provide stability (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
- Irregular bones: Complex shape, protect internal organs (e.g., vertebrae, sacrum).
- Flat bones: Protect organs (e.g., cranial bones, ribs, sternum).
- Sesamoid bones: Reinforce tendons (e.g., patella).
- The skeletal system is composed of two parts:
- Appendicular skeleton (126 bones): Provides support and flexibility (mostly appendages and girdles).
- Axial skeleton (80 bones): Protects internal organs (along the body's vertical axis).
Bone Tissue
- Compact bone: Dense outer layer of bone.
- Periosteum: Tough membrane covering and protecting the outer surface of the bone.
- Spongy bone: Lighter, less dense inner layer of bone containing pores and bone marrow.
- Bone marrow: Connective tissue producing blood cells.
Connective Tissues
- Ligaments: Attach bone to bone.
- Tendons: Attach muscle to bone.
Female vs. Male Skeletons
- Female pelvis is wider and flatter for childbirth.
- Female skeletons are generally less massive and dense than male skeletons.
- Female rib cage is more rounded and smaller.
Skeletal Diseases
- Osteoporosis: Loss of bone tissue, common in the elderly.
- Osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency.
- Arthritis: Inflammatory disease damaging joints and surrounding tissue.
- Scoliosis: Side-to-side curve in the spine, often during adolescence.
- Bone cancers: Occur in approximately 1% of all cancers.
- Fractures, breaks, and strains: Bones can break with significant pressure (25-160 lbs). A compound fracture involves the bone breaking through the skin.
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Description
Explore the structure and functions of the skeletal system in this quiz. Understand the differences between exoskeletons and endoskeletons, as well as the multiple roles bones play in support, protection, and movement. Test your knowledge on how the skeletal system contributes to blood cell production and overall body function.
