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Questions and Answers
What tissues and organs compose the skeletal system?
What tissues and organs compose the skeletal system?
Bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons.
Name several functions of the skeletal system.
Name several functions of the skeletal system.
Support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood formation.
Describe the general features of a long bone.
Describe the general features of a long bone.
Long and narrow with expanded ends.
What covers many joint surfaces of mature bone?
What covers many joint surfaces of mature bone?
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What is the primary function of ligaments?
What is the primary function of ligaments?
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What kind of blood cells are produced in red bone marrow?
What kind of blood cells are produced in red bone marrow?
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What is hematopoiesis?
What is hematopoiesis?
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Which type of bone is cube-like with equal length and width?
Which type of bone is cube-like with equal length and width?
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What is the medullary cavity?
What is the medullary cavity?
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What are osteocytes?
What are osteocytes?
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The dense outer shell of bone is called __________ bone.
The dense outer shell of bone is called __________ bone.
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- Consists of bones, cartilages, and ligaments
- Cartilage is the precursor of most bones and covers joint surfaces
- Ligaments hold bones together at joints
- Tendons attach muscle to bone
Functions of the Skeleton
- Support: Limb bones and vertebrae support the body, jaw bones support teeth, and some bones support viscera
- Protection: Protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and other vital organs
- Movement: Limb movements, breathing, and other movements depend on bones
- Electrolyte balance: Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
- Acid-base balance: Buffers blood against large pH changes by altering phosphate and carbonate salt levels
- Blood formation: Red bone marrow is the chief producer of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
Hematopoiesis
- Blood cell production happens in red bone marrow.
- Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- With age, some red bone marrow is replaced by yellow bone marrow, which stores fat but does not produce blood cells
- Red marrow remains in adults in the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and hip bones
Bone Classification by Shape
- Long Bones: Long and narrow with expanded ends
- Short Bones: Cube-like, length = width. Include sesamoid (round) bones embedded in tendons.
- Flat Bones: Plate-like, with broad surfaces.
- Irregular Bones: Variety of shapes; mostly connected to several other bones.
Parts of a Long Bone
- Epiphysis: Expanded end of the bone
- Diaphysis: Bone shaft
- Metaphysis: Widening part between the diaphysis and epiphysis
- Articular cartilage: Covers the epiphysis
- Periosteum: Dense connective tissue that encloses the bone
- Compact (cortical) bone: The tough, dense outer shell of the bone
- Spongy (cancellous) bone: Loosely organized bone tissue found in the center of the ends and center of the shafts of long bones.
- Trabeculae: Branching bony plates that make up spongy bone.
- Medullary cavity: Hollow chamber in the diaphysis that contains marrow
- Endosteum: Lines the spaces and cavity
- Bone marrow: Red or yellow marrow that lines the medullary cavity and spongy bone spaces
Microscopic Structure of Bone
- Osteocytes: Mature bone cells
- Lacunae: Chambers occupied by osteocytes.
- Canaliculi: Tiny passageways through which the cell processes of osteocytes exchange nutrients and wastes
- Extracellular matrix of bone: Consists largely of collagen fibers and inorganic salts, giving bone resilience and hardness.
General Features of Bones
- Compact (dense or cortical) bone: Dense outer shell of bone
- Spongy (cancellous) bone: Loosely organized bone tissue found at the center of bone ends and bone shafts.
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Description
Explore the key components and functions of the skeletal system in this quiz. Understand how bones, cartilage, and ligaments contribute to support, protection, movement, and blood formation. Test your knowledge on the vital roles the skeleton plays in the human body.
