Questions and Answers
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, and Hematopoiesis.
How many types of bones are there?
4
What are the four major types of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
What are the structures of long bones?
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Diaphysis is?
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Medullary Cavity is?
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Epiphyses is?
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What is Articular cartilage?
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What is Periosteum?
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Endosteum is?
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What are the two major types of connective tissues the skeletal system contains?
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Trabeculae are?
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What is Compact bone?
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What is Spongy bone?
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What is Periosteum?
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What is Cartilage?
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What are Osteocytes?
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What are Canaliculi?
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What are Lamellae?
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What are Chondrocytes?
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What is Haversian system?
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What is an Osteon?
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What are Lacunae?
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Nutrients pass from the blood vessel in the ______ ______ through the canaliculi to the osteocytes.
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What are Osteoblasts?
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What are Osteoclasts?
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The combined action of the osteoblast and the osteoclast sculpts bones into?
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Where is the Epiphyseal plate located?
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Growth ceases when all epiphyseal cartilage is transformed into ______.
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What are the main bones of the axial skeleton?
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What are the main bones of the Appendicular skeleton?
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What are the bones of the skull?
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What are the sinuses?
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What are Paranasal sinuses?
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What are Sutures?
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What are Fontanels?
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What are the names of the sections of the spine?
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What are Concave curves?
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What are Convex curves?
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How many ribs do we have?
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How many true ribs are there, and why are they considered true?
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How many False ribs are there, and why are they considered false?
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How many floating ribs are there, and why are they called that?
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What is a Scapula?
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What is a Clavicle?
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What is Pectoral Girdle?
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What is Stenoclavicular?
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What is Humerus?
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What is a Rotator cuff?
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What are Radius and Ulna?
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What is Pelvic Girdle?
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What are Coxal bones?
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In an infant's body, each coxal bone consists of three separate bones called?
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What is a Femur?
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What is a Tibia?
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What is a Fibula?
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What are Phalanges?
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What is Calcaneus?
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What are Metatarsals and Tarsals?
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What are the 3 kinds of joints?
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What is Synarthroses?
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What is Amphiarthroses?
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What is Diarthroses?
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What is a Joint capsule made of?
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What are Ligaments?
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What is Articular cartilage?
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What is Bursa?
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What is Flexion?
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What is Extension?
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What is Abduction?
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What is Adduction?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Supports the body structure.
- Protects vital organs.
- Facilitates movement by serving as levers.
- Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
- Produces blood cells through hematopoiesis.
Types of Bones
- Four major types: Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular.
Long Bones Structures
- Diaphysis: shaft comprised of strong compact bone.
- Medullary Cavity: hollow area in diaphysis containing yellow marrow.
- Epiphyses: ends of the bones filled with red bone marrow.
- Articular Cartilage: thin layer covering the epiphyses.
- Periosteum: fibrous membrane covering bones excluding joint surfaces.
- Endosteum: membrane lining the medullary cavity.
Major Connective Tissues in Skeletal System
- Consists of bone and cartilage.
Bone Composition
- Trabeculae: needle-like threads of spongy bone.
- Compact bone: dense and forms outer layer of bones.
- Spongy bone: found at the ends of long bones.
Bone Cells
- Osteocytes: mature bone cells.
- Osteoblasts: cells responsible for bone formation.
- Osteoclasts: cells that absorb and remodel bone tissue.
Bone Structure and Growth
- Haversian system: structural unit of compact bone.
- Lamellae: rings of calcified bone found in osteons.
- Canaliculi: small channels connecting lacunae (spaces containing osteocytes).
- Epiphyseal plate: growth plate between epiphyses and diaphysis; growth stops when cartilage turns to bone.
Axial and Appendicular Skeletons
- Axial skeleton: Skull, spine (vertebrae), thorax (ribs and sternum), hyoid bone.
- Appendicular skeleton: Upper (shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, hand) and lower (pelvic girdle, thigh, leg, ankle, foot) extremities.
Skull Structure
- Major bones: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid.
- Sinuses: cavities within cranial bones.
- Paranasal sinuses: frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid opening into the nose.
- Sutures: immovable joints between cranial bones.
- Fontanels: "soft spots" in an infant's skull due to incomplete ossification.
Spine Regions
- Sections: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
- Concave curves: cervical and lumbar regions.
- Convex curves: thoracic and sacral regions.
Ribs
- Total: 12 pairs (7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs).
- True ribs: first 7, directly attached to sternum by costal cartilage.
- False ribs: 8th to 10th, attached to the cartilage of the 7th rib.
- Floating ribs: 11th and 12th, not attached to any cartilage.
Upper Body Bones
- Scapula: shoulder blade.
- Clavicle: collarbone.
- Humerus: long bone of the arm; second largest body bone.
- Radius and Ulna: bones of the forearm.
Lower Body Bones
- Pelvic girdle: hip region.
- Coxal bones: composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis in infants, which fuse.
- Femur: thigh bone; longest bone in the body.
- Tibia: shinbone; larger of the two lower leg bones.
- Fibula: smaller, lateral bone of the leg.
- Phalanges: bones of toes and fingers.
- Calcaneus: heel bone.
- Metatarsals and tarsals: bones of the foot.
Joint Types
- Synarthroses: immovable joints (e.g., sutures).
- Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints (e.g., pubic bones).
- Diarthroses: freely movable joints with a joint capsule, cavity, and cartilage.
Joint Structure
- Joint capsule: made of fibrous connective tissue and lined with synovial membrane.
- Ligaments: strong fibrous tissue cords that connect bones.
- Articular cartilage: smooth layer covering joint ends of bones.
- Bursa: fluid-filled cushion around joints to absorb shock.
Joint Movements
- Flexion: bending a joint.
- Extension: straightening a joint after flexion.
- Abduction: moving away from the midline.
- Adduction: moving towards the midline.
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Description
Explore the vital roles of the skeletal system including support, protection, and blood cell production. Learn about the different types of bones and their structures, as well as the connective tissues that contribute to the skeletal framework. This quiz covers essential anatomical concepts regarding bone composition and function.