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Questions and Answers
Which component of the skeletal system is primarily derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?
Which component of the skeletal system is primarily derived from the lateral plate mesoderm?
What is the origin of the mesenchyme, that directly differentiates into bone during intramembranous ossification?
What is the origin of the mesenchyme, that directly differentiates into bone during intramembranous ossification?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the paraxial mesoderm?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the paraxial mesoderm?
What specific process do somites undergo to form the vertebrae?
What specific process do somites undergo to form the vertebrae?
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What is a key difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
What is a key difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
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From which germ layer are the cells that form the bones of the face and skull directly derived?
From which germ layer are the cells that form the bones of the face and skull directly derived?
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What cellular differentiation process is directly involved in the formation of a hyaline cartilage model, which is then ossified?
What cellular differentiation process is directly involved in the formation of a hyaline cartilage model, which is then ossified?
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Which of the following is not a part of a typical vertebra?
Which of the following is not a part of a typical vertebra?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Development
- The skeletal system is composed of the axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum) and the appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle).
Skeletal System Origins
- Paraxial mesoderm: Forms the skull, vertebrae, and ribs.
- Lateral plate mesoderm: Forms upper and lower limb bones, costal cartilage, and sternum.
- Neural crest cells: Contribute to skull and face bones.
Paraxial Mesoderm Development
- Forms somites, crucial for skeletal development.
- Occipital somites and somitomeres form parts of the skull.
- Somites divide into sclerotome (forming bone) and dermomyotome.
- Sclerotome cells become mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).
- Mesenchyme differentiates into bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), cartilage-forming cells (chondroblasts), and fibroblasts.
Lateral Plate Mesoderm
- Forms bones of the shoulder, pelvic girdles, and appendicular skeletal parts.
Neural Crest Cells in Skeletal Development
- Neural crest cells differentiate into mesenchyme in the head.
- These mesenchyme cells form crucial skull and facial bones.
Bone Ossification
- Intramembranous ossification: Mesenchymal cells directly differentiate into bone.
- Endochondral ossification: Involves a cartilage model that is replaced by bone. Most limb bones and base of the skull follow this method.
Vertebrae Formation
- Vertebrae develop from sclerotome components of somites (paraxial mesoderm).
- Composed of a body, arch, foramen, transverse, and spinous processes.
- Sclerotome cells migrate and merge during the fourth week.
- Somites undergo resegmentation during this period.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the development of the skeletal system, including the roles of paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest cells. Learn how different parts of the skeletal structure form during embryonic development.
