Non-Traumatic Skeleton

Which of the following is the most common causative organism in osteomyelitis?

A patient presents with suspected osteomyelitis. Initial radiographs are negative. Which of the following imaging modalities is MOST appropriate to order next?

What is the definitive diagnostic test for osteomyelitis?

A 60-year-old patient presents with chronic osteomyelitis. An X-ray reveals dead bone tissue separated from the surrounding viable bone. This finding is best described as:

In the context of osteomyelitis, what is 'involucrum'?

What is the MOST likely causative organism of septic arthritis in a sexually active 25-year-old patient?

Which of the following is the MOST sensitive imaging modality for detecting early septic arthritis?

What is a typical radiographic finding in septic arthritis?

Which of the following is the MOST critical step in the management of septic arthritis?

Which of the following is NOT a typical risk factor for septic arthritis?

A 70-year-old patient presents with joint pain that worsens with activity and is relieved by rest. Radiographic findings reveal asymmetric joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and subchondral sclerosis. These findings are MOST consistent with:

In osteoarthritis, which joints are MOST commonly affected?

Which of the following radiographic findings is LEAST likely to be associated with osteoarthritis?

What is the primary underlying pathophysiology in osteoarthritis?

Which of the following is characterized by pannus formation?

According to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, how many criteria must be present to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis presents with ulnar deviation of the digits and radial deviation of the carpus, creating a zig-zag pattern. What underlying pathological process is MOST likely responsible for this deformity?

Which of the following is the study of choice for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis?

In patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following imaging modalities is preferred for monitoring the condition's progression?

Which of the following is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?

Which of the following is most consistent with acute osteomyelitis on imaging?

Which of the following factors indicates a less favorable prognosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis?

A 10-year-old child presents with joint pain, fever, and a salmon-colored rash. Lab results show elevated inflammatory markers, and imaging reveals joint swelling and effusion. Which type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is MOST likely?

A patient has an infection of the bone seeded by bacteria from the bloodstream; this is an example of which pathway of osteomyelitis?

A radiograph of a patient's hand reveals bony erosions concentrated at the MCP joints, along with uniform joint space narrowing and subluxations. There are no osteophytes. These characteristics are MOST suggestive of:

Which diagnostic finding is MOST indicative of septic arthritis over other inflammatory arthropathies?

Which of the following is the initial imaging modality of choice for suspected septic arthritis?

A 5-year-old child presents with fever, irritability, and focal bone pain in the left distal femur. Radiographs show subtle lytic changes and periosteal reaction. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Predicting whether a patient with septic arthritis will regain full joint function post-treatment is complex. Which of the following factors is the MOST reliable indicator of a POOR long-term outcome?

During a surgical debridement of a chronic osteomyelitis lesion, the surgeon encounters a cavity filled with thick, cheesy-like material adjacent to the sequestrum. Histopathological analysis would MOST likely reveal which of the following within this cavity?

A young athlete reports lower back pain that worsens with twisting movements. An X-ray reveals decreased disc height at L4-L5 and osteophytes. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A radiograph of a patient with suspected spondylolysis is ordered. Which radiographic view is BEST for visualizing a defect in the pars interarticularis?

Which of the following findings is MOST indicative of ankylosing spondylitis on a radiograph?

A 28-year-old male presents with chronic lower back pain and stiffness, particularly in the morning, which improves with exercise. He also reports occasional eye pain and redness. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

A 14-year-old male presents with anterior knee pain and tenderness over the tibial tubercle. The pain worsens with activity, particularly running and jumping. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

What is the underlying pathophysiology of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Which of the following is a typical radiographic finding in Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A 35-year-old male presents with hip pain that has gradually worsened over the past several months. He has a history of long-term steroid use for asthma. Which of the following conditions should be HIGHLY suspected?

Which imaging modality is BEST for the early diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN)?

A radiograph of a 65-year-old female reveals a compression fracture of the L1 vertebra. Her bone mineral density (BMD) T-score is -2.8. According to WHO criteria, this indicates:

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

A 70-year-old male presents with bone pain, particularly in his pelvis and femur. Radiographs reveal thickened bone with areas of sclerosis and lysis. Alkaline phosphatase is elevated. Which diagnosis is MOST likely?

Which of the following is a potential complication of Paget's disease of the bone?

A radiograph of a patient with suspected Paget's disease shows a 'blade of grass' appearance in the tibia. This finding represents:

A 68-year-old patient with Paget's disease of bone reports new onset hearing loss. Which pathological process explains this?

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial diagnostic test for osteoporosis?

What is the MOST common location for spondylolysis to occur?

A patient with ankylosing spondylitis develops a spinal fracture after a minor fall. Given the underlying condition, which type of imaging is MOST crucial for assessing the fracture and potential instability?

In evaluating a 12-year old with unilateral Osgood-Schlatter disease, what is the MOST important comparative assessment to make during the physical examination?

Avascular necrosis can progress through several stages of bone damage. What radiographic finding is MOST indicative of Stage 3 avascular necrosis?

What is the utility of performing X-rays on the spine in patients presenting with Osteoporosis?

In Paget's disease of the bone, what lab result will be most elevated?

What type of virus could cause Paget's disease of bone?

A 60-year-old patient presents with back pain and reports having a stooped posture. Her height has decreased over the past few years. Which condition is MOST likely?

You note 'osteoporosis circumscripta' when evaluating bone radiology. Which area of the body is MOST affected by this?

In a normal spine, what area does spondylolysis affect?

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease is:

A patient presents with suspected spondylolysis. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be associated with this condition?

Ankylosing Spondylitis may include lumbar disc disease, especially if the patient is what age?

What is the normal T-score?

What T-score would indicate osteopenia?

If a patient shows flattening on the superolateral aspect of the femoral head during an AP pelvic radiography, in which stage of avascular necrosis is the patient?

With known Paget's disease of the bone, which of the following diagnoses is more likely?

Bamboo spine may be seen in patients who have

In what area of the body would you expect to see squaring in Paget's?

A 25-year old male presents to clinic to discuss joint pain that he has been experiencing for the last year. His pain is worse in the morning, but gradually improves as he begins moving around. Knowing the possible differential diagnoses, which lab marker would you order to help indicate Ankylosing Spondylitis?

A 65-year-old female presents with a vertebral compression fracture. Upon further questioning, you discover she has several risk factors for osteoporosis. What is a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

Biconcave vertebral bodies result from:

In a knee X-ray of a patient, bone fragmentation is detected at the tibial tuberosity. Upon physical examination, you palpate soft swelling directly anterior to the tibial tuberosity. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

What is the MOST important clinical factor when differentiating possible bone tumors?

A radiograph of a 15-year-old male reveals a bone tumor in the proximal tibia. The lesion displays a 'sunburst' pattern of periosteal reaction. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Which of the following best describes the typical radiographic appearance of multiple myeloma?

A 25-year-old patient presents with a bone tumor in their hand. Radiographic imaging reveals a geographic lytic lesion with a sharp border. Which of the following benign tumors is MOST likely?

A 12-year-old patient presents with a bone lesion located on the metaphysis of the proximal humerus. The radiograph reveals a lucent lesion centrally located within the medullary cavity. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?

What radiographic finding is MOST suggestive of osteosarcoma?

A patient presents with a suspected bone tumor. The radiograph reveals a lesion with a narrow zone of transition and a sclerotic rim around it. Which of the following characteristics BEST describes this lesion?

What is the BEST imaging modality to evaluate soft tissue involvement of a spinal bone tumor?

A 45-year-old patient presents with facial pain and sinus pressure. Imaging reveals a well-defined, sclerotic bone lesion within the sinus. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is a typical location for Ewing sarcoma?

Which of the following radiographic features helps differentiate osteoblastoma from osteoid osteoma?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding metastatic bone lesions?

A radiograph reveals a bone tumor with a 'moth-eaten' appearance. What does this pattern of bone destruction indicate?

What is the MOST likely location of an osteochondroma?

Which of the following zones would be associated with an aggressive lesion?

Which of the following tumors is NOT malignant?

What age range is MOST associated with Ewing Sarcoma?

Which bone tumor is most common in the face?

Which bones are most commonly involved with enchondroma?

Which of the following is the initial imaging modality of choice for characterizing bone tumors?

Which of the following bone tumors usually appear in the axial skeleton?

Which of these is the preferred study to determine prognosis and staging of bone tumors?

Which of the following bone tumors is characterized by an outgrowth of the growth plate?

A pathologist is examining a bone biopsy under a microscope. The report comes back with a woven bone spicules surrounded by plump, active osteoblasts. Giant cells are scattered throughout the lesion. The pathologist notes a prominent 'blue bone' appearance due to increased osteoid production. What’s most likely on the differential?

A radiologist is evaluating a series of radiographs of various bone tumors. In one case, they observe a lesion that appears to expand outward from the bone surface, exhibiting a dense, opaque appearance resembling mature, well-organized bone tissue. The lesion has a broad base and blends smoothly with the underlying cortex, without disrupting it. Given these radiographic features, what type of bone tumor is MOST likely?

A 7-year-old child presents with fever and localized bone pain in the distal femur. Radiographic imaging reveals soft tissue swelling but no bony changes. Which of the following stages of osteomyelitis is MOST consistent with these findings?

A patient with sickle cell disease develops osteomyelitis. Which of the following organisms is MOST likely to be the causative agent in this specific patient population?

In chronic osteomyelitis, which radiographic finding represents devitalized bone that has separated from the surrounding viable bone?

A patient is diagnosed with septic arthritis. Which of the following is the MOST crucial next step in management after confirming the diagnosis?

Which of the following radiographic findings is MOST suggestive of septic arthritis in the early stages?

A 28-year-old sexually active male presents with acute onset of monoarticular knee pain, swelling, and warmth. Which organism should be HIGHLY suspected as the cause of septic arthritis in this patient?

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?

A 65-year-old patient presents with hip pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Radiographic findings include asymmetric joint space narrowing and osteophytes. Which additional radiographic finding is MOST characteristic of osteoarthritis?

In osteoarthritis, which of the following radiographic features is associated with the 'lipping' of marginal bones?

Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological process in rheumatoid arthritis?

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis presents with zig-zag deformity of the hand. This deformity is characterized by which combination of deviations?

Which imaging modality is considered the study of choice for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in the early stages?

For monitoring the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and assessing structural damage over time, which imaging modality is typically preferred?

According to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis, how many of the criteria must be present for at least 6 weeks to classify a patient as having RA?

Which of the following is a recognized extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?

A 6-year-old girl presents with joint pain in multiple joints including hands and feet. She has been experiencing symptoms for 8 weeks. Which subtype of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is MOST likely, given the polyarticular joint involvement?

A 15-year-old male presents with anterior knee pain that is exacerbated by physical activity, especially jumping. Tenderness is elicited over the tibial tuberosity. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A 40-year-old patient with a history of chronic steroid use for asthma presents with insidious onset hip pain. Which condition should be HIGHLY suspected in this patient?

Which imaging modality is BEST for early diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip?

A 75-year-old female presents with back pain and is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following T-scores at the hip or spine, obtained from a DEXA scan, is consistent with osteoporosis according to WHO criteria?

A 70-year-old male presents with bone pain and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Radiographs reveal thickened bone with areas of sclerosis and lysis. Which condition is MOST likely?

A radiograph of a patient's tibia shows a V-shaped lucency extending into the cortex, described as a 'blade of grass' appearance. This finding is highly suggestive of which condition?

A patient with Paget's disease of bone develops hearing loss. What is the MOST likely pathological mechanism causing this symptom?

What is the MOST appropriate initial diagnostic test for osteoporosis?

Which of the following radiographic views is BEST to visualize a pars interarticularis defect in suspected spondylolysis?

Which radiographic finding is MOST indicative of ankylosing spondylitis?

A 26-year-old male presents with chronic low back pain and morning stiffness improving with exercise. He has sacroiliitis on imaging. Which lab marker is MOST helpful in supporting the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis?

In evaluating a 12-year-old with unilateral Osgood-Schlatter disease, what is the MOST important comparative assessment during physical examination?