BMS150 wk 9 muscle physiology 2

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What is the purpose of the Glycogen-lactic acid system?

Generate NAD+ to feed back into glycolysis (correct)

Promote the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells

Convert pyruvate into lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

Produce ATP through aerobic respiration

When there is insufficient oxygen, pyruvate is converted into:

Glycogen

ATP

Lactic acid (correct)

Glucose

What does the Cori cycle help to achieve?

Regenerate NAD+ (correct)

Enhance ATP production in mitochondria

Produce lactic acid in muscle cells

Convert glucose into glycogen

In Type IIB fibers with minimal mitochondria, what is the impact on energy production?

Reduced ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the net loss or gain of ATP in the Cori cycle overall?

Net loss of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lactic acid in the Glycogen-lactic acid system?

It converts back into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where new sarcomeres are added at the ends of muscle fibers due to stretching?

Skeletal Muscle Remodeling - Growth Signup and view all the answers

In extreme conditions of muscle force generation, what happens to the number of muscle fibers?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the disappearance of sarcomeres at the ends of muscle fibers?

Lack of stretching Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to muscle hypertrophy?

Linear splitting of previously enlarged fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about force production in muscle fibers is correct?

Fast-twitch fibers produce quick, higher tension force. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is associated with slow-twitch muscle fibers?

High mitochondrial density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fuel sources is primarily used by fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Based on the recorded percentages of muscle fiber types in different athletes, which athlete group is most likely to have the highest proportion of fast-twitch fibers?

Sprinters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metabolic systems is responsible for the rapid resynthesis of ATP during short, high-intensity exercises?

Phosphagen system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the proportions of muscle fiber types is correct?

The proportions of type I and type II fibers are partially determined by genetic inheritance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics best describes Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers?

More capillaries to supply higher amounts of oxygen and lots of mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle fiber types is best suited for high-force, quick-fatigue activities?

Type IIB (fast-twitch glycolytic) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about muscle fiber types is NOT true?

Type IIA fibers rely primarily on anaerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the motor neuron size and muscle fiber types is correct?

The size of the motor neuron innervating the muscle fibers increases from Type I to Type IIB Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Type IIA and Type IIB muscle fibers?

Type IIA fibers rely more on oxidative metabolism, while Type IIB fibers rely more on anaerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of muscle atrophy?

Lack of contractile signals to maintain normal muscle size Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of muscle atrophy?

Increased resistance training Signup and view all the answers

In the acute or subacute stages of muscle atrophy, which of the following occurs?

Degeneration of contractile proteins Signup and view all the answers

If contractile signals return after a period of muscle atrophy, how long may it take for full return to function?

3 months Signup and view all the answers

In the final stages of chronic muscle atrophy, what happens to the muscle fibers?

They are destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between lengthening hyperplasia and hypertrophy in skeletal muscle remodeling?

Lengthening hyperplasia increases shortening capacity and contraction velocity, while hypertrophy does not Signup and view all the answers