Skeletal Muscles: Definition, Structure, and Function

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Questions and Answers

What type of muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton through tendons?

  • Smooth muscles
  • Skeletal muscles (correct)
  • Voluntary muscles
  • Cardiac muscles

What is the primary function of myoglobin in skeletal muscles?

  • To provide a mechanical advantage
  • To give skeletal muscles their distinct red color (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To support the contraction of muscle fibers

What is the process by which muscle contraction is used for the homeostatic regulation of body temperature?

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Cramping
  • Shivering thermogenesis (correct)
  • Muscle dystrophy

What is the purpose of lever systems in the body?

<p>To provide a mechanical advantage (B)</p>
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What are the two proteins that make up myofibrils in muscle cells?

<p>Actin and myosin (D)</p>
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What is the term for the arrangement of myofibrils in skeletal muscle cells?

<p>Striated (D)</p>
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What is the function of muscle fibers in the body?

<p>To produce movement (D)</p>
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What is a common problem that can affect muscles for a variety of reasons?

<p>Cramping (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of a lever system in the body?

<p>To move a weight or load (B)</p>
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Which type of lever system is most efficient at moving heavy loads with little effort?

<p>Second-class lever (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of saliva in the mouth?

<p>To initiate digestion (D)</p>
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What is the term for the minimum amount of calories required for basic functions at rest?

<p>Basal metabolic rate (BMR) (A)</p>
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What is the name of the equation that describes the relationship between an animal's mass and its BMR?

<p>Kleiber's equation (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of fibrous connective tissue?

<p>To support and protect other tissues (B)</p>
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What is the term for the breakdown and absorption of food in the body?

<p>Digestion (B)</p>
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What is the name of the joint that allows a person to perform neck extension?

<p>Atlanto-occipital joint (C)</p>
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What is the function of fibroblasts in dense regular connective tissue?

<p>To produce protein fibers and ground substance (B)</p>
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Where is dense elastin connective tissue primarily found in the body?

<p>In the walls of blood vessels and respiratory passageways (A)</p>
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What is the role of glutamine in the human body?

<p>To serve as a nitrogen donor and carrier (A)</p>
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What is the consequence of glutamine deficiency in the human body?

<p>Higher mortality and morbidity rates (C)</p>
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What is the structure that controls the amount of light reaching the back of the eye?

<p>Iris (A)</p>
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What is the function of the lens in the eye?

<p>To focus light rays entering through the pupil (A)</p>
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What is the role of photoreceptors in the retina?

<p>To perceive and convert light into electrical impulses (A)</p>
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What is the term for the inflammation of tendons in the body?

<p>Tendonitis (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

<p>To allow humans to see in dim light (D)</p>
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What is the structure that contains only cone cells and is responsible for the sharpest color vision?

<p>Fovea centralis (D)</p>
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What is the light-sensitive protein responsible for vision in low light conditions?

<p>Rhodopsin (B)</p>
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How do the rods and cones transmit electrical impulses to the brain?

<p>Through the optic nerve (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of the external ear structures?

<p>To collect sound vibrations and direct them inward (D)</p>
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What happens when the eardrum or tympanic membrane meets air vibrations?

<p>It begins to vibrate also (D)</p>
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What is the structure present on the anterior or outer-most surface of the eye?

<p>Cornea (D)</p>
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How many layers does the cornea have?

<p>6 (A)</p>
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What is the shape of the cochlea in the inner ear?

<p>Spiral tube (A)</p>
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What is the function of the perilymph fluid in the cochlea?

<p>To transmit sound vibrations (D)</p>
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What is the difference between the upper vestibular canal and the lower tympanic canal in the cochlea?

<p>One is filled with perilymph and the other is filled with endolymph (C)</p>
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What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

<p>To convert sound vibrations into electrical signals (A)</p>
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What is the possible cause of increased sensitivity to sound in a person?

<p>Either medical conditions or stress/anxiety (C)</p>
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What is the function of the stapedial reflex in the hearing system?

<p>To regulate the loudness of sound (B)</p>
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What is the difference between the cochlear duct and the upper vestibular canal in the cochlea?

<p>One is filled with perilymph and the other is filled with endolymph (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of the cochlea in the inner ear?

<p>To convert sound vibrations into electrical signals (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of a lever system in the body?

<p>To move heavy loads with little effort or force (C)</p>
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What is the term for the breakdown and absorption of food in the body?

<p>Digestion (C)</p>
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What is the type of connective tissue that is composed of sturdy, but flexible collagen fibers?

<p>Fibrous connective tissue (B)</p>
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What is the term for the minimum amount of calories required for basic functions at rest?

<p>Basal metabolic rate (D)</p>
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What is the phrase that helps to remember the differences between first, second, and third-class levers?

<p>FRE 123 (D)</p>
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What is the function of saliva in the mouth?

<p>To initiate chemical digestion (D)</p>
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What is the type of lever system where the pivot is located between the effort and load?

<p>First-class lever (C)</p>
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What is the purpose of the soft palate in the oral cavity?

<p>To separate the oral and nasal cavities (D)</p>
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What is the primary function of cones in the retina?

<p>To perceive colors and provide sharp central vision (A)</p>
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What is the name of the light-sensitive protein responsible for vision in low light conditions?

<p>Rhodopsin (C)</p>
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What is the structure that contains only cone cells and is responsible for the sharpest color vision?

<p>Fovea centralis (B)</p>
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What is the primary function of skeletal muscles in the body?

<p>To support, move, and maintain homeostasis (B)</p>
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How do photoreceptors in the retina convert light into electrical signals?

<p>By changing shape and transmitting electrical impulses (A)</p>
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What is the composition of myofibrils in muscle cells?

<p>Actin and myosin (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of the external ear structures?

<p>To collect vibrations and direct them inward (B)</p>
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What is the name of the condition that affects muscles and is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions?

<p>Cramping (B)</p>
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What is the shape of the cochlea in the inner ear?

<p>A curled fluid-filled structure (A)</p>
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What is the role of skeletal muscles in thermogenesis?

<p>To generate heat through muscle contraction (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of the connective tissue sheaths that surround muscle fibers?

<p>To protect the muscle fibers from damage (B)</p>
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What is the number of layers in the cornea?

<p>6 (A)</p>
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What is the term for the process by which light is transmitted from the retina to the brain?

<p>Neuronal transmission (D)</p>
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What is the characteristic of skeletal muscle that gives it a distinct red color?

<p>The presence of myoglobin (D)</p>
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What is the function of lever systems in the body?

<p>To provide a mechanical advantage for muscle movement (D)</p>
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What is the term for the condition characterized by muscle weakness and wasting?

<p>Muscular dystrophy (A)</p>
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What is the primary function of dense collagen connective tissue?

<p>To stabilize surrounding structures and maintain the structural framework (C)</p>
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Where are photoreceptors found in the eye?

<p>In the retina (A)</p>
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What is the function of fibroblasts in dense regular connective tissue?

<p>To scatter throughout the tissue and have central nuclei (C)</p>
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What is the consequence of glutamine deficiency in the human body?

<p>Higher mortality and morbidity rates (A)</p>
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What is the structure that controls the amount of light reaching the back of the eye?

<p>Iris (B)</p>
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What is the term for the inflammation of tendons in the body?

<p>Tendonitis (A)</p>
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What is the function of the lens in the eye?

<p>To focus light rays entering through the pupil (C)</p>
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Where is dense elastin connective tissue primarily found in the body?

<p>In the walls of blood vessels and respiratory passageways (D)</p>
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What is the shape of the cochlea?

<p>A spiral tube (B)</p>
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What is the function of the perilymph fluid in the cochlea?

<p>To allow sound vibrations to travel through it (D)</p>
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What is the possible cause of increased sensitivity to sound in a person?

<p>Either medical conditions or stress and anxiety (A)</p>
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What is the function of the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

<p>To move the tiny hairs in response to sound vibrations (A)</p>
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What is the difference between the upper vestibular canal and the lower tympanic canal in the cochlea?

<p>The upper vestibular canal is filled with perilymph and the lower tympanic canal is filled with endolymph (D)</p>
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What is the function of the cochlear duct in the cochlea?

<p>To produce endolymph fluid (A)</p>
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What is the consequence of damage to the facial nerve?

<p>A person may experience increased sensitivity to sound (B)</p>
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What is the role of the tectorial membrane in the cochlea?

<p>To change the electrolyte balance in the fluid when the tiny hairs brush against it (A)</p>
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