40 Questions
Which characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated?
Contractility
What is the function of skeletal muscles related to the types of movement?
Produce movement
What type of attachment refers to the stationary/fixed attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting?
Origin
What covers each individual muscle fiber and is composed of fine areolar connective tissue?
Endomysium
What is the result of more calcium being available in the cytoplasm from the previous twitch?
Treppe (staircase effect)
What is the adding together of force of contractions due to successive stimuli applied to a muscle forming a stronger contraction?
Wave summation
What is the fusion of contractions to produce a continuous contraction?
Tetanus
What is the enzyme found in myosin filaments that causes the reaction: $ATP ightarrow ADP + P + energy$?
ATPase
What is the storage form for glucose in liver and muscle cells?
Glycogen
What is the molecule in muscle cells which stores O2?
Myoglobin
What is the state of physiological inability to contract even though a stimulus is provided?
Muscle fatigue
What is the extra amount of energy the body must take in to recover after vigorous exercise has occurred?
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
What is the amount of O2 needed after strenuous activity to perform functions such as converting lactic acid to pyruvic acid and rebuilding ATP and CP reserves?
Oxygen Debt
What is the state of almost always slightly contracted in skeletal muscles, due to involuntary signals from the nervous system in response to activated stretch receptors in muscles?
Muscle tone
What is the process of adding together the force of contractions due to successive stimuli applied to a muscle, forming a stronger contraction?
Wave summation
What is the result of recruiting more motor units to smoothly increase the force of muscle contraction as more muscle fibers contract?
Treppe (staircase effect)
What is the specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together?
Fascia
What consists of two kinds of protein filaments, myosin, and actin, and makes up 80% of the cell volume?
Myofibrils
Where does the end of a motor neuron communicate with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell?
Neuromuscular junction
What is the physiological inability of a muscle to contract despite the provision of a stimulus?
Muscle fatigue
What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell?
Sarcolemma
What is the dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle?
Epimysium
What is the structure that consists of thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin?
Myofilament
What is the attachment point of a skeletal muscle that is stationary/fixed while contracting?
Origin
What is the physiological process that involves nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross-bridges between thick and thin filaments?
Skeletal muscle contraction
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle, consisting of the area between two Z discs?
Sarcomere
What is the structure that is composed of fine areolar connective tissue and covers each individual muscle fiber?
Endomysium
What is the dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles?
Perimysium
What is the fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together?
Fascia
What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell?
Sarcolemma
What is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What comprises 80% of the cell volume and consists of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin?
Myofibrils
Where does the end of a motor neuron communicate with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell?
Neuromuscular junction
What is the structure that consists of thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin?
Myofilament
What is the physiological process that involves nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments?
Skeletal muscle contraction
What is the result of recruiting more motor units to smoothly increase the force of muscle contraction as more muscle fibers contract?
Muscle hypertrophy
What is the physiological inability of a muscle to contract despite the provision of a stimulus?
Muscle fatigue
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle, consisting of the area between two Z discs?
Sarcomere
What is the fusion of contractions to produce a continuous contraction?
Tetanus
Study Notes
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction
- Perimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
- Epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
- Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
- Sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell, while sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin
- Myofibrils, comprising 80% of the cell volume, consist of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
- Transverse tubules are invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
- The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
- Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
- Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
- A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction
- Perimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
- Epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
- Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
- Sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell, while sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin
- Myofibrils, comprising 80% of the cell volume, consist of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
- Transverse tubules are invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
- The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
- Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
- Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
- A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
Test your knowledge of skeletal muscle structure and contraction with this quiz. Learn about the components such as perimysium, epimysium, and sarcolemma, as well as the events involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. Understand the role of neuromuscular junction and motor units in muscle function.
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