Skeletal Muscle Physiology Quiz

Study Notes

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Main function: Stores calcium ions vital for muscle contraction.

Types of Skeletal Muscle Contraction

Not a type of contraction: Isokinetic.
Other types include: Isotonic, Isometric, and Eccentric.

Muscle Fiber Fatigue Resistance

Most fatigue-resistant fiber: Slow-twitch (Type I).

Cause of Muscle Fatigue

Main causes during strenuous exercise:
- Decreased blood flow.
- Accumulation of lactic acid.
- Ion imbalances across the sarcolemma.

Sliding Filament Model

Muscle contraction mechanism: Thick and thin filaments slide past each other, resulting in sarcomere shortening.

Motor End Plate

Main role in neuromuscular junction: Binds acetylcholine, facilitating muscle activation.

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Not a recognized fiber type: Slow-twitch glycolytic (Type IIc).
Recognized fiber types: Slow-twitch (Type I), Fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (Type IIa), Fast-twitch glycolytic (Type IIb).

Transverse (T) Tubules

Main function: Relay electrical impulses to facilitate muscle contraction.

Oxygen Debt After Exercise

Purpose:
- Convert lactic acid to glucose.
- Restore muscle ATP and creatine phosphate levels.

Clinical Applications of the Muscular System

Examples include: Myasthenia gravis, Muscular dystrophy, and Botulism.

Differences Between Muscle Fiber Types

Slow-twitch vs. Fast-twitch: Differences in contraction speed and ATP production methods.

Oxidative Capacity of Muscle Fibers

Highest oxidative capacity: Slow-twitch (Type I).

Connective Tissue in Skeletal Muscle

Functions of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium: Provide structural support and organization.

Cross-Bridge Cycling

Purpose in muscle contraction: Shortens sarcomeres, contributing to force generation.

Acetylcholine in the Neuromuscular Junction

Functions include: Binds to ACh receptors, triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and generates action potentials in muscle fibers.

Muscle Contraction against Resistance

Type of contraction when force is less than resistance: Eccentric contraction.

Differences Between Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac muscle characteristics: Involuntary control, striated, intercalated discs. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and lacks intercalated discs.

Causes of Muscle Cramps

Primary causes:
- Decreased blood flow.
- Accumulation of lactic acid.
- Changes in electrolyte concentration.
- Muscle fatigue.

Description

Test your knowledge on skeletal muscle physiology with this quiz. Questions include the functions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, types of muscle contractions, and muscle fiber characteristics. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.