Podcast
Questions and Answers
The _________ arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the head and neck.
The _________ arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the head and neck.
carotid
The _________ artery is vital for delivering blood to the legs.
The _________ artery is vital for delivering blood to the legs.
femoral
The three layers of the arterial walls include the tunica intima, tunica media, and _________.
The three layers of the arterial walls include the tunica intima, tunica media, and _________.
tunica externa
The _________ arteries are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The _________ arteries are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The _________ aorta is the largest artery in the body and distributes oxygenated blood.
The _________ aorta is the largest artery in the body and distributes oxygenated blood.
The _________ artery supplies blood to the intestines.
The _________ artery supplies blood to the intestines.
The right ventricle allows blood to be transported to the ______.
The right ventricle allows blood to be transported to the ______.
The muscle fibers in the ______ form run parallel to the axis of force generation.
The muscle fibers in the ______ form run parallel to the axis of force generation.
The heart is made up of thick walls of ______ tissue.
The heart is made up of thick walls of ______ tissue.
Arteries have _________ walls that contain elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells.
Arteries have _________ walls that contain elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells.
An example of a fusiform muscle is the ______ brachii.
An example of a fusiform muscle is the ______ brachii.
The bundle of ______ is responsible for the electrical signals that trigger heart contractions.
The bundle of ______ is responsible for the electrical signals that trigger heart contractions.
The _________ are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
The _________ are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
The heart's inner walls are formed by ______ cells.
The heart's inner walls are formed by ______ cells.
A muscle that is described as circular has fibers that create a ______ from origin to insertion.
A muscle that is described as circular has fibers that create a ______ from origin to insertion.
The aorta and its branches include several important _________ arteries.
The aorta and its branches include several important _________ arteries.
The ______ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
The ______ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
In pennate form, muscle fibers run obliquely to the line of ______.
In pennate form, muscle fibers run obliquely to the line of ______.
Arteries primarily _________ blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
Arteries primarily _________ blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
The ______ muscle is the chief muscle responsible for producing a particular movement.
The ______ muscle is the chief muscle responsible for producing a particular movement.
A muscle that acts to oppose the action of the agonist is called the ______.
A muscle that acts to oppose the action of the agonist is called the ______.
The ______ layer of the heart is formed by cardiac muscle fibers.
The ______ layer of the heart is formed by cardiac muscle fibers.
Cardiac muscle fibers have the unique property of spontaneous and rhythmic ______.
Cardiac muscle fibers have the unique property of spontaneous and rhythmic ______.
The ______ arteries transport blood throughout the body.
The ______ arteries transport blood throughout the body.
The main trunk artery is called the ______.
The main trunk artery is called the ______.
Medium caliber arteries help in ______ circulation.
Medium caliber arteries help in ______ circulation.
Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substances at the ______ level.
Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substances at the ______ level.
Large vessels often exhibit a ______ pulsatile motion.
Large vessels often exhibit a ______ pulsatile motion.
Small ______ and arterioles have relatively narrow lumina and walls.
Small ______ and arterioles have relatively narrow lumina and walls.
The ______ of the heart is made up of thick muscular tissue.
The ______ of the heart is made up of thick muscular tissue.
The ______ layer of the heart is formed by cardiac muscle fibers.
The ______ layer of the heart is formed by cardiac muscle fibers.
Arteries primarily ______ blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
Arteries primarily ______ blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
Cardiac muscle fibers have the unique property of spontaneous and rhythmic ______.
Cardiac muscle fibers have the unique property of spontaneous and rhythmic ______.
The inner lining of the heart is known as the ______.
The inner lining of the heart is known as the ______.
The muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction is the ______.
The muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction is the ______.
The outer layer of the heart is called the ______.
The outer layer of the heart is called the ______.
Veins and arteries are types of ______ in the circulatory system.
Veins and arteries are types of ______ in the circulatory system.
The ______ valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
The ______ valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
The left atrioventricular valve is commonly known as the ______ valve.
The left atrioventricular valve is commonly known as the ______ valve.
The valves that control blood flow out of the heart into the arteries are called ______ valves.
The valves that control blood flow out of the heart into the arteries are called ______ valves.
The cardiac ______ is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
The cardiac ______ is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
Flashcards
Endocardium
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart chambers
Myocardium
Myocardium
Heart muscle tissue
Epicardium
Epicardium
Outer layer of the heart
Atrioventricular valve
Atrioventricular valve
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Semilunar valve
Semilunar valve
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Heart Valves
Heart Valves
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Heart Chambers
Heart Chambers
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Heart blood vessels
Heart blood vessels
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Carotid Arteries
Carotid Arteries
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Artery Walls
Artery Walls
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Femoral Artery
Femoral Artery
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Blood Distribution
Blood Distribution
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Veins
Veins
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Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Arteries
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Aorta Walls
Aorta Walls
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Mesenteric Arteries
Mesenteric Arteries
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Common iliac arteries
Common iliac arteries
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Abdominal Aorta
Abdominal Aorta
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Heart structure
Heart structure
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Blood flow paths
Blood flow paths
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Heart valves function
Heart valves function
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Blood vessel types
Blood vessel types
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Heart muscle layers
Heart muscle layers
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Small Arteries
Small Arteries
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Arteries
Arteries
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Blood Circulation
Blood Circulation
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Arterioles
Arterioles
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Muscle Tissues
Muscle Tissues
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Large Arteries
Large Arteries
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Blood in Atrium
Blood in Atrium
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Capillaries
Capillaries
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Thick Muscular Ventricle Walls
Thick Muscular Ventricle Walls
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Decreasing caliber
Decreasing caliber
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Parallel Muscle
Parallel Muscle
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Fusiform Muscle
Fusiform Muscle
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Agonist (Prime Mover)
Agonist (Prime Mover)
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Antagonist Muscle
Antagonist Muscle
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Pennate Muscles
Pennate Muscles
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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Circular muscle
Circular muscle
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Skeletal muscle action
Skeletal muscle action
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Study Notes
Skeletal Muscle Forms
- Muscles are categorized by fiber arrangement:
- Parallel: Fibers run parallel to the force axis.
- Fusiform: Wide center, tapered ends (e.g., biceps brachii).
- Strap: Long, flat, parallel fibers (e.g., sartorius).
- Convergent (triangular/fan-shaped): Fibers spread out at origin, converge at insertion (e.g., pectoralis major).
- Circular: Fibers arranged in concentric circles (e.g., orbicularis oculi).
- Pennate: Fibers run obliquely to the line of pull.
- Unipennate: Fibers run obliquely to one side of a tendon.
- Bipennate: Fibers run obliquely to both sides of a central tendon.
- Multipennate: Multiple bipennate arrangements.
- Circumpennate: Fibers converge around a central tendon.
- Parallel: Fibers run parallel to the force axis.
Skeletal Muscle Action
- Muscles work together for movement.
- Agonist (prime mover): The main muscle for a specific movement.
- Antagonist: Opposes the agonist's action.
- Fixator: Stabilizes the origin of the prime mover.
- Synergist: Assists the prime mover.
Cardiac Muscle
- Involuntary, striated muscle.
- Forms the myocardium.
- Fibers branch and interlock.
- Specialized fibers form the conducting system.
Smooth Muscle
- Involuntary, non-striated muscle.
- Found in various tubes and organs.
- Responsible for movements like peristalsis.
- Present in the tubes of the body and digestive system, walls of blood vessels and storage organs such as the urinary bladder and the uterus
Cardiovascular System
- Heart: Pumps blood through pulmonary and systemic circulation.
- Blood Vessels: Carry blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). Blood consists of: platelets, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma.
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. (Large elastic, Medium muscular)
- Veins: Carry blood toward the heart.
- Capillaries: Connect arteries and veins, sites of oxygen/nutrient exchange.
- Anastomoses: Connections between blood vessels.
- Collateral Circulation: Alternative pathways for blood flow.
The Heart
- Four chambers: Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
- Valves regulate blood flow.
- Heart wall has three layers: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium.
- Heart has 3 main grooves: coronary (atrioventricular) and anterior and posterior interventricular grooves.
Heart Valves
- Tricuspid: Between right atrium and right ventricle.
- Mitral (bicuspid): Between left atrium and left ventricle.
- Aortic semilunar: Between left ventricle and aorta.
- Pulmonary semilunar: Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
Conducting System of the Heart
- Initiates and coordinates heart contractions.
- Sinoatrial node (SAN)
- Atrioventricular node (AVN)
- Atrioventricular bundle (AVB)
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Blood Vessels
- Transport blood throughout the body.
- Arteries, veins, and capillaries are the three types of blood vessels.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of skeletal muscles based on fiber arrangement and their functional roles in movement. Understand the various types of muscle fibers and how they contribute to muscle action. Test your knowledge of key terms such as agonist and antagonist.
