34 Questions
What type of receptor is the Nicotinic AChR?
Ionotropic
Which subunits surround the pore of the Nicotinic AChR?
α, β, γ, δ, ε
What type of receptor is the Muscarinic AChR?
Metabotropic
What is the function of an agonist?
To bind to a receptor and initiate a signaling event
Which substance acts as an antagonist for Nicotinic AChR?
Curare
What is the effect of isoproterenol, an agonist for Adrenergic Receptors (SNS)?
Treatment of bradycardia (slow heart rate)
What is the exception in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mentioned in the text?
Adrenal medulla
What is responsible for the widespread effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine mentioned in the text?
Chromaffin cells
Which functional unit of the nervous system is based on neurons?
Reflex arc
Which division of the nervous system is specialized for fast transmission and always excitatory?
Somatic motor neurons
Which part of the nervous system relies completely on circulating catecholamines?
Sympathetic nervous system
Where do preganglionic neurons synapse in the exceptional case of the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenal medulla
What type of cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into circulation?
Chromaffin cells
What is the structural unit of the nervous system?
Neurons
What is the function of Nicotinic AChR?
Rapid ionotropic receptor
Which subunits surround the pore of Nicotinic AChR?
α, β, γ, δ, ε
What characterizes the Muscarinic AChR?
Metabotropic receptor
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system?
Initiates fight-or-flight response and regulates body temperature, food intake, and water balance
Which centers are involved in the regulation of breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
What are the criteria for a substance to be classified as a neurotransmitter?
It is synthesized in neurons and released at the presynaptic membrane following depolarization
What is the role of an agonist?
It binds to a receptor and initiates a signaling event
Which substance acts as an antagonist for Muscarinic AChR?
Atropine
What are the effects of curare, an antagonist for Nicotinic AChR?
Suppression of breathing
What is the function of isoproterenol, an agonist for Adrenergic Receptors (SNS)?
Treatment of bradycardia (slow heart rate)
What is the primary function of an antagonist?
Interfering with the binding of the natural ligand
Which substance acts as an agonist for Muscarinic AChR, causing bronchoconstriction and bradycardia?
Muscarine
What is the effect of isoproterenol, an agonist for Adrenergic Receptors (SNS)?
Bronchiole dilation
What role does the hypothalamus play in the autonomic nervous system?
Initiates fight-or-flight response and regulates body temperature, food intake, and water balance
Which centers are involved in the regulation of breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
What are the criteria for a substance to be classified as a neurotransmitter?
Synthesized in neurons, released at presynaptic membrane following depolarization, and recognized by postsynaptic receptors
What is the functional unit of the nervous system, based on neurons?
Reflex arc
Which division of the nervous system relies completely on circulating catecholamines?
Sympathetic nervous system
What characterizes the role of chromaffin cells in the exceptional case of the sympathetic nervous system?
They secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into circulation
What is the key system for the neural control of bodily function?
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Test your knowledge about the skeletal muscle and cholinergic synapses, including nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, neuromuscular junctions, ganglionic synapses, and their excitatory and inhibitory effects.
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