Skeletal and Muscle Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the structures of a long bone?

Epiphyses, diaphysis, articular cartilage, spongy bone, compact bone.

What are the structures found within an osteon?

Central canal, lacunae, canaliculi.

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

To reduce friction and provide a smooth surface for joint movement.

Where do the spongy and compact bone reside in a long bone?

<p>Spongy bone is found in the epiphyses, while compact bone is found in the diaphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bone surface markings?

<p>These are features on the surface of bones that serve as points of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments, or provide passage for blood vessels and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of bone surface marking?

<p>Articulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a protrusion?

<p>Condyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a depression or hole?

<p>Foramen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bi' refer to in muscle nomenclature?

<p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term '...ceps' refer to in muscle nomenclature?

<p>Head of muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rectus' refer to in muscle fiber direction?

<p>Straight or parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'transverse' refer to in muscle fiber direction?

<p>At right angles or perpendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does term 'oblique' refer to in muscle fiber direction?

<p>Slanted (neither perpendicular nor parallel)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'brevis' refer to in muscle size?

<p>Short</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does term 'longus' refer to in muscle size?

<p>Long</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'maximus' refer to in muscle size?

<p>Largest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Abdominis muscle?

<p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Brachium muscle?

<p>Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Femoris muscle?

<p>Thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Gluteus muscle?

<p>Buttock</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Deltoid muscle?

<p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Trapezoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Piriformis muscle?

<p>Pear shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomical categories of bones

Classifications such as long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

Long bone example

A bone like the femur or humerus.

Epiphyses

Ends of a long bone, containing spongy bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

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Articular cartilage

Smooth tissue covering bone joints.

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Spongy bone

Lightweight bone found in the epiphyses.

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Compact bone

Dense and hard bone forming the outer layer.

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Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone.

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Central canal

Hollow center of an osteon, containing blood vessels.

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Lacunae

Small spaces in bone containing osteocytes.

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Canaliculi

Tiny channels connecting lacunae in bone.

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Bone surface markings

Features that reveal function and muscle attachment.

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Condyle

A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone.

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Meatus

A passage or opening in a bone.

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Epicondyle

A projection located above a condyle.

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Fossa

A shallow depression in a bone.

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Brachium

Anatomical term for the arm.

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Deltoid

A muscle shaped like a triangle.

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Maximus

Term meaning the largest muscle.

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Oblique

Muscle fibers running at a slant.

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Origin points

Attachment points where muscles begin.

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Bi

Prefix meaning two or double.

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Tri

Prefix meaning three.

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Quad

Prefix for four parts.

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Femoris

Term related to the thigh muscle.

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Pectoralis

Muscle name referring to the chest area.

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Gluteus

Muscle group located in the buttocks.

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Trapezius

Muscle shaped like a trapezoid, located in the upper back.

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Rectus

Muscle fibers arranged straight or parallel.

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Piriformis

Pear-shaped muscle deep to the gluteal region.

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Study Notes

Skeletal Basics

  • List major bone categories, give examples
  • Draw a long bone, label epiphyses, diaphysis, articular cartilage
  • Draw an osteon, label central canal, lacunae, canaliculi
  • Define bone surface markings (refer to page 180, Table 6.2)

Skeletal Structures (Protrusions)

  • Condyle
  • Epicondyle
  • Line
  • Crest
  • Head
  • Process
  • Spine
  • Trochanter
  • Tubercle
  • Tuberosity

Skeletal Structures (Depressions/Holes)

  • Facet
  • Meatus
  • Alveolus
  • Sinus
  • Foramen
  • Fossa

Muscle Basics

  • Learn muscle nomenclature for appendicular and axial regions
  • Identify muscle locations (e.g., Abdominis - abdomen, Brachium - arm, Femoris - thigh, Gluteus - buttock, Pectoralis - chest)
  • Identify muscle shapes (e.g., Deltoid - triangular, Trapezius - trapezoid, Piriformis - pear shaped)
  • Understand muscle fiber direction (e.g., Rectus - straight, Transverse - perpendicular, Oblique - slanted)
  • Note muscle size (e.g., Brevis - short, Longus - long, Maximus - largest, Minimus - smallest)
  • Know muscle origins (e.g., Bi - two, Tri - three, Quad - four, ...ceps - head)

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